adastra  

Re: [Adastra] Woodlands for fuel?

Patrick Roper
Fri, 27 Nov 2009 15:40:47 -0800

Are you the Richard Newman who is National Trust Warden at Scotney Castle?
If so, congratulations on the good work you and your organisation does there
and elsewhere in Sussex.

 

There seems to me to be a dichotomy developing between the need to
sequestrate carbon and the frequently expressed importance of conserving
and, where possible, enhancing biodiversity.  Unfortunately both are seen as
environmentally virtuous though they are often not complimentary despite
many words being expended on making them seem so.

 

Before our own species arrived here virtually nothing would have been taken
out of woodlands: timber would have lain where it fell and comprised a vast
resource for flora and fauna with beneficial repercussions all the way up
the food chain.  Centuries of exploitation of woods by people has,
obviously, radically altered their biological profile and matters have
become worse through fragmentation and the general degradation, through
modern agriculture and urban development, of the spaces between the woods.  

 

As moves to do something about this are starting to gather momentum, the
points have been switched and the environmental train has gone trundling off
down the carbon capture line.  At least it seems as though this is what may
be happening.

 

Coppicing has a mixed reception so far as biodiversity is concerned and it
would take many words to describe the ins and outs of the argument.  I think
that where there are very large coppice areas that can carry stools in all
stages from newly cut to just ready to cut with adequate rides and so forth
in between, places like Blean Woods and West Dean Woods, there is some
chance that flagship species will continue to flourish (and some chance that
they will not).  Coppicing small areas will not, I fear, have the same
effect and will often be detrimental to wildlife.

 

Increasing woodland cover in Britain, as the Forestry Commission are
proposing will, of course, need land that currently is not woodland.  Given
the present global situation it seems likely that every inch of our
agricultural land will be needed to grow food.  That leaves places that are
suboptimal for agriculture as candidates for forestry: heathlands, commons,
hills and mountains.  The Forestry Commission have, of course, been very
successful in covering these in conifers in the past. 

 

As Sir David Read, author of the recent FC commissioned report said "From
the 1950's - 70's around 25,000 hectares of woodland was planted each year,
but this has declined massively in recent years: we are now harvesting the
trees planted during these decades and, as this occurs and forests aren't
replaced, the sequestration of carbon by trees in the UK will fall."  What
is happening on the spaces vacated by these former forests I wonder.

 

You may well be right, Richard, about the sustainable supply of wood
available from the whole of Kent and East Sussex, but this will mean and
emphasis on woodland as an essential economic resource with biodiversity as
a minor by product.

 

In the end, I suppose, the survival of our species will come before the
welfare and survival of other species when it is simply seen as a kind of
altruism, a good in its own right whether the species concerned have any
direct beneficial effect on the populace or not.  I find it depressing to
see the hypocrisy and obfuscation (often under the heading of 'scientific
evidence') that so often goes into trying to say that unfettered commercial
exploitation will somehow benefit biodiversity.

 

Patrick Roper

 

 

From: adastra-boun...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk
[mailto:adastra-boun...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk] On Behalf Of Richard Newman
Sent: 27 November 2009 10:00
To: adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk
Subject: Re: [Adastra] Adastra Digest, Vol 42, Issue 10 Woodlands for fuel

 

Hello,
I work for a large national charity which owns a large woodland and the
comments recently about burning dead wood is yes worrying but there are
other forms of biomass which are less damaging. Also burning the dead and
dry wood is perhaps not very effecient becuase it has to use a techincal
phrase low calorific value which in laymans terms means that it wont produce
much heat for the amount wood burnt. Other timber crops if seasoned like
Sweet Chestnut, Hornbeam and Oak have higher calorfic values so produce more
heat for the amount wood burnt. In our large woodland we are restarting the
coppicing cycle on our 300 + acre Sweet Chestnut coupes for biodiversity but
the byproduct it will heat a small biomass boiler to heat a number homes.
The main parts of the trunk will be used for fencing and other woodland
products and the smaller and less straight parts of the trunk will be
stacked and when they reach around 15% moisture content they will be chiped
up and put into the boiler. We have worked out the whole process will be 95%
carbon neutral we gained an extra percent or two becuase we are doing
everything in such a small area. Its is believed if the whole of the area of
sweet chestnut woodland in Kent and Sussex went into this kind of cycle and
managed properly it could supply the whole of the areas need for heating
sustanably and for the future. 

I believe our woodlands are changing too but increasing the areas to
forestry is possible. Its one of those ideas that is good but then again
could be bad because the areas must selected for the right reasons so damage
to important habitats must be mitgated against which I believe they would
be. The currently woodland cover is believed to about the same as it was
when the Romans occupied Britian. So do we need more trees and is there a
potenial for conflict? The goverment wants us to build more homes were are
going to put in the infrastructure to cope with this increase? Is there
enough space? These are the questions that need to be asked and answered
before the trees are plant . 
Thank you,

Richard Newman

Reg

> From: adastra-requ...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk
> Subject: Adastra Digest, Vol 42, Issue 10
> To: adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk
> Date: Fri, 27 Nov 2009 09:17:07 +0000
> 
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> Today's Topics:
> 
> 1. Re: Tree planting (James, Trevor John J)
> 2. Re: Tree planting (SARAH PATTON)
> 3. Re: Tree planting (SARAH PATTON)
> 4. Goods news for Pagham Harbour (SARAH PATTON)
> 
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Message: 1
> Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2009 12:22:32 +0000
> From: "James, Trevor John J" <t...@ceh.ac.uk>
> Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting
> To: Adastra discussion group <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> Message-ID:
> <9c29afe27e3fba4db1742cc8e8f74ecd04f3857...@nerckwmb1.ad.nerc.ac.uk>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
> 
> Dear Patrick,
> 
> As a 'sleeping observer' of this discussion group, I thought your bringing
of this to everyone's attention was a very useful contribuition, along with
the discussion. Thanks.
> 
> Wearing a botanist's hat, as well as former county ecologist hat, I can
see to some extent where the FC is coming from. It is very true that our
native plant communities are already beginning to shift from their 'natural'
characteristics, especially in southern England. In Hertfordshire (home of
the blessed Heartwood Forest you mention), we are steadily seeing the demise
of beech on the drier chalk hills and gravels. Oak is suffering from
increasing stag-headedness and dieback on damper clays (which dry out in
drought years), although their deeper roots allow them to survive somewehat
better on gravels (ironically). We are also now seeing the take-off of
naturally regenerating walnut in a big way on calcareous soils (to the
detriment of chalk grassland). So, whether we like it or not, our so-called
natural woodlands are going to change before our eyes, and I have to say, we
are likely to lose a lot of our native biodiversity with the change,
especially highly specialised species attached to ancient woodland habitat.
> 
> The FC is obviously in this for economic as well as environmental benefit,
and that may be no bad thing in the right areas. The question is: will new
plantings, especially on open country, be a real problem or not, and will we
make proper long-term use of the end product? Also, what impact, if any,
will this planting really have on (protected) ancient semi-natural woodland?
> 
> I would suggest that implementation of carefully thought-out planting of
new woodlands, with species that will not cause us ecological damage in the
longer term, will be of some benefit, especially if it enables a forestry
infrastructure to be maintained. Alongside this, I think there needs to be a
re-appraisal of the way that semi-natural woodldands are managed, with a
view to ensuring that any change that may happen through climate change is
not exacerbated by damaging management activities, such as excessive opening
up of canopies by indiscrimnate coppicing or, especially, unnecessary
replanting. At the same time, there may need to be careful selective
management of natural regeneration to mitigate any problems of 'new' species
coming in as a result of management. Having good foresters in charge of
woods, rather than the current wholesale neglect of so many good woods,
would be a good thing, on balance.
> 
> Like all things, it depends how things are implemented.
> 
> Kind regards,
> 
> Trevor James (wearing a Hertfordshire naturalist's hats today)
> ________________________________________
> From: adastra-boun...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk
[adastra-boun...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk] On Behalf Of Patrick Roper
[patr...@prassociates.co.uk]
> Sent: 26 November 2009 11:50
> To: 'Adastra discussion group'
> Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting
> 
> I think there are now many signs that the biodiversity era (i.e. the last
30 years or so) may be fading and being replaced by strategies (that often
seem to give a low profile to wildlife) for carbon capture and for dealing
with problems that may arise from climate change.
> 
> The Forestry Commission has, as already discussed, become excited about
planting trees everywhere including many exotics. It resembles the frame of
mind they were in after World War II when they planted all those conifers,
often replacing ancient woodland. It is, perhaps, their job to see trees as
a crop with a large national organisation looking after them and telling us
all what to do. The Woodland Trust too, backed by the Forestry Commission,
is buying up agricultural land (for example in Hertfordshire for its
Heartwood Forest project) where it intends to plant a million trees, though
wildlife conservation still seems to be fairly high on their agenda. Where
are all those million trees coming from I wonder? I can almost hear the
Government pat on the back.
> 
> I expect too that large private landowners will also benefit from the
emerging strategy with grants available for planting Forestry Commission
recommended trees, often non-native.
> 
> Planting trees, of course, means raising trees in tree nurseries which
provides, not unworthily, rural employment. This simply does not happen if
fields are allowed to turn into woods (as they do quite quickly) through
natural regeneration. I remember being told at the Liverpool Garden Festival
many years ago that the huge number of tree whips planted on site had been a
major boost to the nursery trade which, at that time, had its own minister.
Tree planting on a large scale is, I believe, an economic and political
activity and not much to do with conservation.
> 
> When the Forestry Commission really got its teeth into tree planting in
the mid-20th C, too few people saw the dangers to wildlife until it was too
late. I feel the wheel may have come full circle with biodiversity out and
plantation psychology ?for the common good? in and I am just wondering what,
if anything, we should all be doing about it.
> 
> Patrick Roper
> 
> -- 
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> 
> 
> 
> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 2
> Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2009 15:51:03 +0000 (GMT)
> From: SARAH PATTON <house.mo...@btopenworld.com>
> Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting
> To: Adastra discussion group <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> Message-ID: <500756.61202...@web87002.mail.ird.yahoo.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> 
> A problem I see is that too much dead wood is cleared away as it is
(naughty, untidy nature). It is an extremely important habitat for many
invertebrates (and, I am sure, lower plants) many of which depend on
decaying wood. If a few people are collecting it for firewood then I'm sure
there is no problem but if, as it seemed to me they were suggesting, there
would be a major 'harvest' of this resource for use as fuel, it could be
tragic in terms of biodiversity conservation.
> 
> Another thought, I believe that the government are supposed to have
reversed the decline of biodiversity in this country by next year, i.e. in
the next few weeks..........!! Is this going to be another embarrassment
which will be swept under the carpet? This surely is a target which was
always going to be compromised by road building/house building/everything
else-building and that old maxim 'surely people must come first'.
> 
> Sarah
> 
> 
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 3
> Date: Thu, 26 Nov 2009 15:52:05 +0000 (GMT)
> From: SARAH PATTON <house.mo...@btopenworld.com>
> Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting
> To: Adastra discussion group <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> Message-ID: <735106.27787...@web87003.mail.ird.yahoo.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
> 
> Sorry Bev - just saw your reply. My feelings exactly!
> S
> 
> --- On Thu, 26/11/09, tallent...@btinternet.com
<tallent...@btinternet.com> wrote:
> 
> From: tallent...@btinternet.com <tallent...@btinternet.com>
> Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting
> To: "Adastra discussion group" <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> Date: Thursday, 26 November, 2009, 10:16
> 
> The thinking here is, growing trees take carbon directly from the
atmosphere, so when you burn them you are only releasing carbon that was
recently in the atmosphere anyway.? This is percieved as better than burning
fossil fuels, which is releasing carbon that has been locked up for billions
of years, so adding to the total atmospheric carbon present today.
> 
> So long as new trees are grown to replace those burnt, the overall
atmospheric carbon will not be increased by burning wood.
> 
> I saw that countryfile report... my worry was that, if we were all looking
for wood to burn, there would be no old rotting timber left around, thus
ruining some important habitats.
> 
> Bev
> --- On Wed, 25/11/09, Patrick Roper <patr...@prassociates.co.uk> wrote:
> 
> > From: Patrick Roper <patr...@prassociates.co.uk>
> > Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting
> > To: "'Adastra discussion group'" <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> > Date: Wednesday, 25 November, 2009, 23:40
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >? 
> >? 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >? 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > The FC cite wood fuel as a
> > sustainable use of carbon.? Have a
> > look at their report. 
> > 
> >? ? 
> > 
> > Patrick 
> > 
> >? ? 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > From: adastra-boun...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk
> > [mailto:adastra-boun...@lists.sxbrc.org.uk] On Behalf Of
> > SARAH PATTON
> > 
> > Sent: 25 November 2009 22:55
> > 
> > To: Adastra discussion group
> > 
> > Subject: Re: [Adastra] Tree planting 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >? ? 
> > 
> > 
> >? 
> >???
> >???Along similar lines, I was concerned
> > about a report on
> >???Countryfile (or similar) about burning lots of dead wood
> > as an eco-friendly
> >???fuel as it is releasing carbon anyway! 
> > 
> >???Sarah
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???--- On Wed, 25/11/09, Patrick Roper
> > <patr...@prassociates.co.uk>
> >???wrote: 
> >???
> > 
> >???From: Patrick Roper <patr...@prassociates.co.uk>
> > 
> >???Subject: [Adastra] Tree planting
> > 
> >???To: "'Adastra discussion group'"
> > <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> > 
> >???Cc: "Dave Bonsall"
> > <davidbons...@woodland-trust.org.uk>
> > 
> >???Date: Wednesday, 25 November, 2009, 22:40 
> >???
> >???Many
> > subscribers will have
> >???heard about the Forestry Commission's very recent
> > 
> >???report recommending that more trees be planted in Britain
> > to help reduce
> > 
> >???carbon emissions.
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???It has, I think, been implied that these should be native
> > species, but there
> > 
> >???is a very depressing list of conifers and other exotics
> > the FC think should
> > 
> >???be tried and they are arguing that native species of
> > local provenance may
> > 
> >???not always be practical.
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???The report can be downloaded here:
> > 
> >???
> > 
>
>???http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/SynthesisUKAssessmentfinal.pdf/$FILE/Synt
hesi
> > 
> >???sUKAssessmentfinal.pdf
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???I would be interested to hear what others think of
> > it.? 
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???Is it about adapting to climate change, or ensuring the
> > survival of the
> > 
> >???Forestry Commission?
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???Patrick Roper
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >???
> > 
> >? ? 
> >???
> >???
> >? 
> > 
> > 
> > No virus
> > found in this incoming message.
> > 
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> > Date: 11/24/09
> > 19:37:00 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >? 
> > 
> > 
> >
> 
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> ------------------------------
> 
> Message: 4
> Date: Fri, 27 Nov 2009 09:16:54 +0000 (GMT)
> From: SARAH PATTON <house.mo...@btopenworld.com>
> Subject: [Adastra] Goods news for Pagham Harbour
> To: Adastra <adastra@lists.sxbrc.org.uk>
> Message-ID: <84877.77351...@web87015.mail.ird.yahoo.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> 
> Saw on the local news this morning that, at long last, talks are taking
place for the management of Pagham Harbour to be handed over to a
conservation organisation!
> 
> Sarah
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