conlawprof  

RE: Imminence and Texting

Michael R. Masinter
Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:16:44 -0800

I agree with Eugene that the electronic speech that was intended to and was likely to incite a smash mob is unprotected speech.

My students asked a related question concerning the medium of expression for fighting words. Assuming fighting words still constitute a category of unprotected speech, conventional understanding requires that they be uttered face to face since the rationale for excluding them from protected speech is the likelihood that they will trigger an immediate emotion driven violent response. Under that rationale, it makes no sense to treat traditional written communications as fighting words; reason has plenty of time to prevail over emotion before the reader responds with violence. But how should fighting words doctrine treat IMs sent to a person with a laptop sitting in the adjacent seat in class? And how about the student who is two seats away, or perhaps in the next row, or across the aisle? Can written text be fighting words when the writer is within reach of the reader when the reader first sees them?


Michael R. Masinter                      3305 College Avenue
Professor of Law                         Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314
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Quoting "Volokh, Eugene" <vol...@law.ucla.edu>:

I'd think that if the message is intended to spur imminent lawless action -- say, a tweet to a dispersed group of protesters urging them to start throwing rocks at police -- and is likely to spur such action, it would be unprotected under Brandenburg. Twittering is really no different here from in-person speech of the classic speech-in-front-of-the-corn-dealer's-home variety. Nor is it necessary that imminent lawless action actually occur, so long as it was intended and likely.

        Eugene

-----Original Message-----
From: conlawprof-boun...@lists.ucla.edu [mailto:conlawprof-
boun...@lists.ucla.edu] On Behalf Of Silverburg, Sanford R
Sent: Wednesday, February 03, 2010 8:59 AM
To: conlawprof@lists.ucla.edu
Subject: Imminence and Texting

A question arose today in my Con Law class while discussing Brandenburg, albeit
hypothetical.  Texting and twittering allows for immediate receipt of a
communication via electronic means and can easily include apparent intent and specificity. There is less of a problem in determining the receiver of the message than accurately identifying the sender. Nevertheless, 1) if the message delivered does immediately result in the lawless action advocated, and 2) the sender of the
message can be identified, would his/her speech be protected under
Brandenburg?

Sanford Silverburg

Sanford R. Silverburg, Ph.D
Professor
Department of History and Politics
Catawba College
Salisbury, NC 28144
US
ssil...@catawba.edu
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