-Caveat Lector-

> I am surprised by Koestler's superficial concept of the chosen people.

You've read the book? One of his points is that the middle east has been invaded
and re-invaded by so many tribes and peoples--including the Vikings!--that the
idea of a "Chosen people", seen simply from a racial or ethnic point of view, is a
bit absurd.

Below is a movie review that fits this thread. It's from Acharya S.

Moses, Theft from Egypt


           Argh.  Here we go again, as millions of children worldwide are
programmed
           with a bunch of hooey, although Dreamwork's "Prince of Egypt" is being
           presented as an adult cartoon.  No matter, as both children and adults
           will be brainwashed into believing that, unlike the "Lion King," the
           "Little Mermaid" and other Disney fare, "Prince of Egypt" is a true
story
           about God's "chosen people" and their escape under the marvelous Moses
           from those evil, nasty Egyptians!  Obviously, this is yet more mindless

           propaganda designed to empower a certain group of people.  Yet, the
           brainwashing is profound, as interviewers breathlessly question
producers
           about how they felt in creating such an epic, which many might consider
to
           border on "blasphemy," and the illustrators themselves giddily admit
that
           this cartoon was more difficult than others "because it really
happened."

           Horseshit.  The Moses story did not "really happen."  Like the vast
           majority of biblical tales, it is a myth based on older tales, changed
to
           revolve around characters of a certain ethnicity or cultural
programming,
           if you will.  The Moses tale is, in fact, a plagiarism taken from Egypt

           and its satellite, Canaan, among others.  Moses, then, is not the
"Prince
           of Egypt" but a "Theft from Egypt."  Since the ancient Egyptians
obviously
           cannot address this calumny against them for millennia, I will do it
for
           them.  The following is an excerpt from my book "The Christ Conspiracy:

           The Greatest Story Ever Sold."

           Moses, the Exodus, the Ten Commandments

           The legend of Moses, rather than being that of a historical Hebrew
           character, is found from the Mediterranean to India, with the character

           having different names and races, depending on the locale: "Manou" is
the
           Indian legislator.  "Nemo the lawgiver," who brought down the tablets
from
           the Mountain of God, hails from Babylon.  "Mises" is found in Syria,
where
           he was pulled out of a basket floating in a river.  Mises also had
tablets
           of stone upon which laws were written and a rod with which he did
           miracles, including parting waters and leading his army across the sea.

           In addition, "Manes the lawgiver" took the stage in Egypt, and "Minos"
was
           the Cretan reformer.

           Jacolliot traces the original Moses to the Indian Manou:  "This name of

           Manou, or Manes . . . is not a substantive, applying to an individual
man;
           its Sanscrit signification is the man, par excellence, the legislator.
It
           is a title aspired to by all the leaders of men in antiquity."

           Like Moses, Krishna was placed by his mother in a reed boat and set
adrift
           in a river to be discovered by another woman.  The Akkadian Sargon also

           was placed in a reed basket and set adrift to save his life.  In fact,
           "The name Moses is Egyptian and comes from mo, the Egyptian word for
           water, and uses, meaning saved from water, in this case, primordial."
           Thus, this title Moses could be applied to any of these various heroes
           saved from the water.

           Walker elaborates on the Moses myth:

           "The Moses tale was originally that of an Egyptian hero, Ra-Harakhti,
the
           reborn sun god of Canopus, whose life story was copied by biblical
           scholars.  The same story was told of the sun hero fathered by Apollo
on
           the virgin Creusa; of Sargon, king of Akkad in 2242 B.C.; and of the
           mythological twin founders of Rome, among many other baby heroes set
           adrift in rush baskets.  It was a common theme."

           Furthermore, Moses's rod is a magical, astrology stick used by a number
of
           other mythical characters.  Of Moses's miraculous exploits, Walker also

           relates:

           "Moses's flowering rod, river of blood, and tablets of the law were all

           symbols of the ancient Goddess. His miracle of drawing water from a
rock
           was first performed by Mother Rhea after she gave birth to Zeus, and by

           Atalanta with the help of Artemis. His miracle of drying up the waters
to
           travel dry-shod was earlier performed by Isis, or Hathor, on her way to

           Byblos."

           And Higgins states:

           "In Bacchus we evidently have Moses. Herodotus says [Bacchus] was an
           Egyptian . . . The Orphic verses relate that he was preserved from the
           waters, in a little box or chest, that he was called Misem in
           commemoration of the event; that he was instructed in all the secrets
of
           the Gods; and that he had a rod, which he changed into a serpent at his

           pleasure; that he passed through the Red Sea dry-shod, as Hercules
           subsequently did . . . and that when he went to India, he and his army
           enjoyed the light of the Sun during the night: moreover, it is said,
that
           he touched with his magic rod the waters of the great rivers Orontes
and
           Hydaspes; upon which those waters flowed back and left him a free
passage.
           It is even said that he arrested the course of the sun and moon.  He
wrote
           his laws on two tablets of stone. He was anciently represented with
horns
           or rays on his head."

           It has also been demonstrated that the biblical account of the Exodus
           could not have happened in history.  Of this implausible story, Mead
says:

           ". . . Bishop Colenso's . . . mathematical arguments that an army of
           600,000 men could not very well have been mobilized in a single night,
           that three millions of people with their flocks and herds could not
very
           well have drawn water from a single well, and hundreds of other equally

           ludicrous inaccuracies of a similar nature, were popular points which
even
           the most unlearned could appreciate, and therefore especially roused
the
           ire of apologists and conservatives."

           The apologists and conservatives, however, have little choice in the
           matter, as there is no evidence of the Exodus and wandering in the
desert
           being historical:

           "But even scholars who believe they really happened admit that there's
no
           proof whatsoever that the Exodus took place. No record of this
monumental
           event appears in Egyptian chronicles of the time, and Israeli
           archaeologists combing the Sinai during intense searches from 1967 to
1982
           - years when Israel occupied the peninsula - didn't find a single piece
of
           evidence backing the Israelites' supposed 40-year sojourn in the
desert.

           "The story involves so many miracles - plagues, the parting of the Red
           Sea, manna from heaven, the giving of the Ten Commandments - that some
           critics feel the whole story has the flavor of pure myth. A massive
exodus
           that led to the drowning of Pharaoh's army, says Father Anthony Axe,
Bible
           lecturer at Jerusalem's Ecole Biblique, would have reverberated
           politically and economically through the entire region. And considering

           that artifacts from as far back as the late Stone Age have turned up in

           the Sinai, it is perplexing that no evidence of the Israelites' passage

           has been found. William Dever, a University of Arizona archaeologist,
           flatly calls Moses a mythical figure. Some scholars even insist the
story
           was a political fabrication, invented to unite the disparate tribes
living
           in Canaan through a falsified heroic past."

           Potter sums up the mythicist argument regarding Moses:

           "The reasons for doubting his existence include, among others, (1) the
           parallels between the Moses stories and older ones like that of Sargon,

           (2) the absence of any Egyptian account of such a great event as the
           Pentateuch asserts the Exodus to have been, (3) the attributing to
Moses
           of so many laws that are known to have originated much later, (4) the
           correlative fact that great codes never suddenly appear full-born but
are
           slowly evolved, (5) the difficulties of fitting the slavery, the
Exodus,
           and the conquest of Canaan into the known chronology of Egypt and
           Palestine, and (6) the extreme probability that some of the twelve
tribes
           were never in Egypt at all." . . .

           The Exodus is indeed not a historical event but constitutes a motif
found
           in other myths. As Pike says, "And when Bacchus and his army had long
           marched in burning deserts, they were led by a Lamb or Ram into
beautiful
           meadows, and to the Springs that watered the Temple of Jupiter Ammon."
And
           Churchward relates, "Traditions of the Exodus are found in various
parts
           of the world and amongst people of different states of evolution, and
           these traditions can be explained by the Kamite [Egyptian] rendering
           only." Indeed, as Massey states, "'Coming out of Egypt' is a Kamite
           expression for ascending from the lower to the upper heavens."

           Churchward further outlines the real meaning of the Exodus:

           "The Exodus or 'Coming out of Egypt' first celebrated by the festival
of
           Passover or the transit at the vernal equinox, occurred in the heavens
           before it was made historical as the migration of the Jews. The 600,000

           men who came up out of Egypt as Hebrew warriors in the Book of Exodus
are
           600,000 inhabitants of Israel in the heavens according to Jewish
Kabalah,
           and the same scenes, events, and personages that appear as mundane in
the
           Pentateuch are celestial in the Book of Enoch." . . .

           In addition, the miraculous "parting of the Red Sea" has forever
mystified
           the naive and credulous masses and scholars alike, who have put forth
all
           sorts of tortured speculation to explain it.  The parting and
destruction
           of the hosts of Pharaoh at the Red Sea is not recorded by any known
           historian, which is understandable, since it is, of course, not
historical
           and is found in other cultures, including in Ceylon, out of which the
           conquering shepherd kings (Pharaohs) were driven across "Adam's Bridge"

           and drowned.  This motif is also found in the Hawaiian and Hottentot
           versions of the Moses myth, prior to contact with outside cultures.
The
           crossing of the Red Sea is astronomical, expressly stated by Josephus
to
           have occurred at the autumnal equinox, indicating its origin within the

           mythos.

Moreover, the famed Ten Commandments are simply a repetition of the
           Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Hindu Vedas, among others. As
           Churchward says:

           "The 'Law of Moses' were the old Egyptian Laws . . . ; this the stele
or
           'Code of Hammurabi' conclusively proves.  Moses lived 1,000 years after

           this stone was engraved."

           Walker relates that the "stone tablets of law supposedly given to Moses

           were copied from the Canaanite god Baal-Berith, 'God of the Covenant.'
           Their Ten Commandments were similar to the commandments of the Buddhist

           Decalogue.  In the ancient world, laws generally came from a deity on a

           mountaintop.  Zoroaster received the tablets of law from Ahura Mazda on
a
           mountaintop."

           Doane sums it up when he says, "Almost all the acts of Moses correspond
to
           those of the Sun-gods."  However, the Moses story is also reflective of

           the stellar cult, once again demonstrating the dual natured "twin"
           Horus-Set myth and the battle for supremacy between the day and night
           skies, as well as among the solar, stellar and lunar cults. . . .

           [end excerpt]

           As has been demonstrated, the Moses fable is an ancient mythological
motif
           found in numerous cultures.  It therefore has nothing to do with any
           particular ethnic group, and the character Moses is not the founder of
the
           Jewish ideology.  Like so many others, this story as presented
represents
           racist rubbish and cultural bigotry.

           Furthermore, rabbis and other authorities have known the mythological
           nature of this and other major biblical tales, yet they say nothing.
           Indeed, they go along with it, much to their own benefit.  Naturally,
the
           person who discovers this ruse and hoax may rightfully become annoyed,
to
           say the least, at the deliberate deception, and ask "What's up with
that?"

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