devinfo  

[e-smith-devinfo] GPL issues (was: e-smith.com (was: SME Server V5 with ServiceLink announced))

Smith, Jeffery S \(Scott\)
Wed, 22 Aug 2001 12:24:10 -0700

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Justin Funke [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
> Sent: Wednesday, August 22, 2001 1:35 PM
> Subject: RE: [e-smith-devinfo] e-smith.com (was Re: [e-smith-devinfo]
> SME Server V5 with ServiceLink announced)


> - Now back to this blade thing. Please excuse my lack of 
> understanding on
> the details of GPL I've never had to read this deep into it before.

This might be a good place to start:

http://www.fsf.org/philosophy/license-list.html#GNUGPL

First, I am not a lawyer.

Second, as I understand it there is nothing to prevent making money from GPL
software. You may impose a media charge, charge for warranty coverage, or
charge subscription fees for updates, etc.

Third, you are not required to deliver source code with the program, nor to
make source code publically available as for example via anonymous ftp. You
must make source code available for three years TO THOSE TO WHOM YOU
DISTRIBUTE IT, but you may also recover the actual costs of duplication and
delivery for supplying the source. There seems to be some debate as to what
this means. Either it means that if I distribute the software, then I must
make code available to ANYONE who asks for it. Or it means that if I give
you the software, and you give it to Joe, that YOU are responsible for
providing source code to Joe (if he requests it) but I am only liable to
provide source to you and not to Joe.

Fourth, you must make derivatives of GPL work available under the terms of
the GPL. So, for instance, if you create a new ipchains that is based
largely on the existing ipchains and/or cannot be reasonably argued to be a
new or separate work, then your derivative must be made available under the
GPL. However, if you create an ipchains-manager, perhaps a GUI manager for
ipchains that only manages the configuration files used by ipchains, then
that work would not be subject to the GPL. Even though ipchains-manager
might not be "usable" without ipchains in that it would do no good, it is
fundamentally a separate product. There is a gray area between these two
scenarios, but in most cases the distinction seems to be clear.

In the case of SME5, if the blade technology was developed as a new product,
then even though it may work in conjuction with GPLed software or use GPLed
software as tools/modules or might require the use of GPLed software to be
effective, it is likely to be a separate product and therefore not subject
to the GPL. In other words, it can be owned, licensed, and protected as
commercial software.

One the other hand, it is unlikely that the core SME5 product could ever be
anything but GPL. Mitel nor anyone else is going to take the components that
make up the "Linux server" bits and "own" them. Mitel (or anyone for that
matter) could, however, rewrite VME5 as commercial software (provided, for
non-Mitel efforts, that the rewrite was done using clean-room techniques.)

Judging from another project I was involved in, and what I'm about to
describe actually happened and was challenged and allowed to stand, the
original copyright holders of GPLed software can fork a new codebase from
their GPL codebase and release it as commercial software. The GPL codebase
must continue to exist and can be worked with as with any GPL software, but
the commercial codebase does not have to be GPL. The caveat, of course, is
that that the codebases remain separate, and of course the commercial
codebase cannot use code from the GPL version any differently than it would
from any other codebase. As I recall, the typical approach in these cases is
that the original copyright holders cease to be involved in the GPL codebase
in order to protect their commercial interests. Also, it is difficult to do
this unless the copyright for virtually all of the code that makes up the
GPL product is held by a single entity. The more copyright holders there are
to the components of a GPL product, the less feasible it is for that product
to be forked commercially. (Basically, any bits where the copyright is not
held by the entity doing the commercial fork, must be recreated in a legal
fashion.)

Anyway, that's what I know of the GPL. I consider it very unlikely that
Mitel will attempt to fork a commercial version of the base product. Many
hurdles to overcome. Very likely, though, that ServiceLink and various
blades will be commercially licensed.

Again, I am not a lawyer. The above is just what I've gleaned from several
years of bumping heads with GPL (and other "open source") projects.

Scott

--
Please report bugs to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Please mail [EMAIL PROTECTED] (only) to discuss security issues
Support for registered customers and partners to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To unsubscribe, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
For additional commands, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Archives by mail and http://www.mail-archive.com/devinfo%40lists.e-smith.org