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[DW] Article - The 11 Layers of Citizen Journalism

Steven Clift
Tue, 14 Jun 2005 14:28:32 -0700

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P.S. Help feed this wiki page with good examples on online citizen 
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From:
http://www.poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=83126

The 11 Layers of Citizen Journalism
A resource guide to help you figure out how to put this industry 
trend to work for you and your newsroom. 
 
By Steve Outing 

"Citizen journalism." It's one of the hottest buzzwords in the news 
business these days. Many news executives are probably thinking about 
implementing some sort of citizen-journalism initiative; a small but 
growing number have already done so. 

But there's plenty of confusion about citizen journalism. What 
exactly is it? Is this something that's going to be essential to the 
future prosperity of news companies? 

In my conversations and communications with editors, I sense plenty 
of confusion about the concept. There's enthusiasm about 
experimenting in some quarters -- about harnessing the power of an 
audience permitted for the first time to truly participate in the 
news media. But mostly I hear concern and healthy skepticism. 

This article is designed to help publishers and editors understand 
citizen journalism and how it might be incorporated into their Web 
sites and legacy media. We'll look at how news organizations can 
employ the citizen-journalism concept, and we'll approach it by 
looking at the different levels or layers available. Citizen 
journalism isn't one simple concept that can be applied universally 
by all news organizations. It's much more complex, with many 
potential variations. 

So let's explore the possibilities, from dipping a toe into the 
waters of participatory journalism to embracing citizen reporting 
with your organization's full involvement. We'll start out slow and 
build toward the most radical visions of what's possible. 

1. The first step: Opening up to public comment
For some publishers skittish about allowing anyone to publish under 
their brand name, enabling readers to attach comments to articles on 
the Web represents a start. At its simplest level, user comments 
offer the opportunity for readers to react to, criticize, praise or 
add to what's published by professional journalists. If you look at 
news Web sites that allow user comments (and at this writing, it's 
still a small minority of all news sites), you'll see a mix of user 
reactions within article comments. But almost universally, you'll see 
occasional reader comments that add to what's published. Readers 
routinely use such comments to bring up some point that was missed by 
the writer, or add new information that the reporter didn't know 
about. Such readers can make the original story better. 

 
Which content should be open to reader comments? Blogs traditionally 
have included reader comments (though even some of the most popular 
independent blogs eschew them; e.g., Instapundit), so that's a no-
brainer. Some sites -- including Poynter Online, where you're reading 
this -- support user comments on all articles. Do that and you're on 
your way toward the citizen-journalism experience. 

But why not go further; think outside the box a bit? Consider 
allowing reader comments on things like calendar listings, 
obituaries, letters to the editor, even classified ads. Let's think 
about this: Why does a letter to the editor from a member of the 
public have to stop with that letter? Why not allow it to spark an 
online conversation? Comments on a calendar listing might attract 
citizen reviews from people who've seen a speaker or performer before 
(an interesting and useful public service). Obituary comments will 
draw remembrances from people who knew the deceased. 

Even allowing comments on classified ads -- especially if they are in 
categories where sellers don't pay for the ad -- can be a fascinating 
exercise and a potentially good public service. 

A few words of caution: Some news Web sites have had trouble with 
readers posting objectionable content in comment areas. This can be 
at least partially avoided by requiring users to register with the 
site and submit their names and e-mail addresses before being allowed 
to post comments, and by establishing a system that makes it easy for 
site users to report objectionable comments. 

I don't want to paint this as easy. As media Web sites that allow 
comments have learned, you do need to watch what people post. The key 
may be to realize that opening up to reader comments requires 
vigilance, even if the number of problems you are likely to encounter 
may be slim. 

Still, many publishers seemingly remain reluctant to take this first 
step into citizen journalism. Even The Northwest Voice, a stand-alone 
citizen-journalism Web site and newspaper owned by The Bakersfield 
Californian, which I'll mention in the layers below, doesn't allow 
reader comments. Two-way conversation is an imperative characteristic 
of most citizen journalism, yet it appears to remain threatening to 
many people in the journalism and publishing professions. 

Examples: 

InsideVC.com (Ventura County Star, Calif.). 
Poynter Online (The Poynter Institute's Web site). 
ZDNet.com. 

...

More:

http://www.poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=83126
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  • [DW] Article - The 11 Layers of Citizen Journalism Steven Clift