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[DW] Article - Election Standards and the Internet - Do we require new standards for "free and fair" elections in the infomation age

Steven Clift
Wed, 02 Nov 2005 08:58:38 -0800

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See the post for the links and add your comments:
http://www.dowire.org/notes/?p=66

Challenging the Norms and Standards of Election Administration:
Standards for EMBs Use of the Internet - Draft for Comment:
http://www.ifes.org/files/Clift_Paper_final.pdf


Should voters expect privacy when seeking information about 
candidates online? 

Draft paper on international electoral standards and the Internet



We hear a lot about the importance of "free and fair elections." 
Observers are sent in, internal political groups are mobilized, the
media is critical - and if some election practice violates an
electoral standard we tend to hear about.  In some cases, countries,
the Ukraine say "do over." In other countries, the legitimacy of
leadership is questioned.

What if you were asked to recommend changes to the electoral 
standards
themselves to keep them up with the information age?

That was essentially the task I was given by IFES, a leading group
dedicated to election assistance and democratic development around 
the
world.

A simple example "information age" standard might say, if the
electoral management body that running an election doesn't provide X,
Y, or Z content on their website, they are not running a "free and
fair election." 

Another example, might relate to the regulation (non-regulation) of
political blogs used to influence the outcome of elections. This is a
hot topic in the United States (after I submitted this paper to 
IFES).

My paper dramatically titled, Challenging the Norms and Standards of
Election Administration:  Standards for EMBs (Election Management
Bodies) Use of the Internet is part of a series of discussion papers
in the Election Standards Project asking for your comments.

Before I share a small section of my paper, let me comment on voter
privacy and how your political information seeking behavior from
media-based (mostly commercial) voter guides might expose your voting
decision-making process.  If my recommended standard on voter privacy
is adopted, countries would need laws protecting your information
seeking behavior on election matters.  

For example, right now, if I visit the StarTribune's myVote voter
guide on the race for Mayor. While I wouldn't mind page content based
online ads from candidates (they don't have them here), I can imagine
a day where data on registered users (newspapers know who we are - we
exchange our identities for content) are known would be of interest 
to
candidates.  

Candidates and political parties buy data about voters all of the
time, should it be legal for the StarTribune (sorry to pick on you) 
or
any online voter guide to sell my contact information (or the ability
to contact me online) to a candidate or any political group based on
my specific browsing (online reading) behavior?  What about
government-funded non-partisan online voter guides (there should be
more IMHO), should they be allowed to even collect data on how
identifiable voters use such websites?  Should laws exist to protect
that data from public disclosure?  This is a policy can-0-worms that
can be informed by an international review of election standards in
light of the information-age.



Challenging the Norms and Standards of Election Administration:
Standards for EMBs Use of the Internet

Mr. Steven Clift

I. Introduction

This article proposes international electoral standards for the use 
of
the Internet during election campaigns (outside of voting). 
Regardless
of whether the complexity and controversy surrounding Internet voting
is ever resolved, election administrators will have to decide how 
they
will use the Internet to improve election processes and better inform
voters. As has been seen in elections around the world, the influence
of the Internet is growing. What content and services must be online
to ensure that influence is a positive one and to ensure the Internet
promotes free and fair elections? The emerging role of the Internet
during election campaigns deserves close attention. It may be that
changes in campaigning and citizen action online, rather than
e-voting, present the real opportunities for?or challenges
to?democratic transformation. 

There are many examples of online best practices during election
periods. Once documented and shared, such practices can bring 
existing democratic freedoms and electoral standards to life where 
they are applied. However, while most election-related benefits from
online activities will be gained through best practices, a standards -

established model for "must-have" and "should have" online elements 
is
emerging. As more citizens come online, electoral management bodies
(EMBs) will see their online responsibilities increase. Clearly, 
these
responsibilities will arrive sooner in "wired" countries with active
online populations, but they will eventually arrive everywhere.
Creating a shared body of best practice now can benefit all
democracies over time.  


II. Two Proposed Internet-Era Electoral Standards

This article contains numerous recommendations, but two key
suggestions for information-age electoral standards particularly 
deserve attention and debate and inform all of the recommendations 
below:  

1. All information produced, compiled, disseminated or disclosed to
implement electoral standards must be publicly accessible on the 
Internet in a standard, authoritative format.  

2. Voter privacy must be established to cover all voter actions 
online
(seeking information about political candidates and issues; 
communicating with family, friends and members of private 
associations about elections or governance; and voting). 


The need for the first standard is intuitive. In order to build trust
in the electoral process, promote voter participation, encourage
informed voting and ensure legal compliance, EMBs must make public 
all
information about election standards, laws, regulations and voter
education programs. In addition, existing electoral standards require
broad and timely access to this information. It is almost impossible
to conceive of any democratic purpose served by keeping such
information offline. 

The second proposed standard opens an area of great debate. The
Internet era provides many ways to track individual behavior; 
however, to ensure continued participation in the electoral system, 
voters must feel they can freely explore the raw materials of 
political thought without fearing public exposure by those with 
state, media or economic power.  


Read on.  And comment publicly here or send private feedback to me 
and
to Rakesh Sharma with IFES.


View this DoWire.Org post on Steven Clift's Notes blog::
http://www.dowire.org/notes/?p=66

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  • [DW] Article - Election Standards and the Internet - Do we require new standards for "free and fair" elections in the infomation age Steven Clift