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VIRGIL: Teaching the Aeneid in translation

Patrick Roper
Sat, 24 Jan 2004 08:45:33 -0800

I would like to thank all those subscribers who have responded, often very
generously, to my "Nox erat" posting on the broad topic of teaching the
Aeneid in translation.  It is particularly valuable, for example, to have
the Latin e-mails from Vincenzo Crupi as these help with my Latin generally
(working, as I do, by myself).

Sometimes, for my ecological work, I use 16th or 17th century herbals
written in Latin and these, I find, are so much easier to understand than
Classical writing.  The explanation, I suppose, is that the authors were
often thinking in their modern European language and translating into Latin
as they went along.  The language had also come a long way over the previous
1500 years or so making it clearer, perhaps, to the modern European mind.

I have read, incidentally, that "the Italian schoolchild has almost as much
trouble learning to read Virgil as the young anglophone" and I would like to
ask our Italian friends if this is true.  Curiously, I understand Italian
quite well as I lived in Rome for a while (my knowledge of Latin helped a
great deal in this because of similarities in vocabulary) but I still find
Latin much, much more difficult than Italian.

So far as teaching the Aeneid is concerned, the A+ aim would seem to me to
be to persuade people that learning to read, understand and enjoy the
original is a challenging but immensely well-worthwhile endeavour.  I read
somewhere once that a reasonably talented student could get a good
understanding of Homer in a couple of years, but it took twenty years to do
the same with Virgil.  This was one of the factors that made me return to
him after many years of absence since my school days.  If I am lucky, I
thought, I might just about have twenty years left.

As well as enjoying it for what it is, the Aeneid, and the other works of
Virgil, whether in translation or not, so often seem to have been used to
teach something else.  In the Middle Ages the book(s) were used for sorcery
and divination and this is still reflected in the modern Welsh word
'feryllt' (prounced, roughly, 'verulft') which means a chemist's shop or
pharmacy but was originally, and still is, the Welsh word for 'Virgil'.

Recently I bought a little book of selections from Vergil and Ovid made by
R. M. Lupton in 1934 which was "intended to provide practice in reading
Latin verse for forms of the year before School Certificate".  The
selections from Vergil are all from the Aeneid and nearly all seem to focus
on war, violence and aggression.  While Virgil covered these topics in great
depth, of course, I approach him as an author with an astonishing range of
understanding of the human condition and, as I have remarked before, it is
the peerless and moving way of expressing things great and small that is so
impressive and mysterious.

So Virgil may have been taught in the past to improve the Latin of students,
to help with an understanding of Roman culture and history, to gain insight
into sorcery, spirituality, war and so on.

A question I ask myself is that, apart from teaching the Aeneid so that
people can enjoy it more, what particular messages does it hold for our
time?  Like all great works of art, the Aeneid seems to me to grow as time
goes by: it is no longer simply what Virgil wrote, but what hundreds of
generations have written and thought about it, and how they have used it as
a springboard for further endeavours.

I was watching a TV programme the other day about Rodin's celebrated
sculpture "The Kiss".  Apparently the couple, contrary to what has often
been thought, represent Paolo and Francesca from Dante's Divine Comedy.
Both great works, both, in part, stimulated by, and responding to, Virgil.
Helen South mentioned the lament "When I am laid in earth" from Purcell's
opera 'Dido and Aeneas'.  This is usually played in Britain during the
services on Remembrance Day and occurs over and over again in documentaries
about some of the more tragic episodes of the last hundred years.  When I
hear it my mind always drifts back through the Purcell to Virgil and to the
fact that his imagination was also reaching far back into the past.  There
is something very profound about such a striking, fresh and beautiful chain
of links reaching so far back into human history.  Such chains are surely
much more likley to occur if people create works of art that have lasting
relevance, and the more we understand the various links in the chain, the
more our own appreciation will be enhanced.

Patrick Roper



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