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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 8
(Revised) (Naresh Cuntoor)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2010 22:28:46 -0400
From: Naresh Cuntoor <nares...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson
8 (Revised)
To: Sanskrit Mailing List <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
Message-ID:
<aanlktimyl5n0kuo3anifggmr-vu-3dbyyqxsznocc...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
jahAra is in liT lakAra. liT does not have the sense of "when something
happens, something else happens".
Typical usage of liT is in parokSha-bhUta-kaala.
E.g., arjuna uvAcha.
Naresh
vaak.wordpress.com
On Thu, Jun 3, 2010 at 9:45 PM, Vimala Sarma <vsa...@bigpond.com> wrote:
> Dear Abhyankar ?Ji
>
> Again an excellent lesson.
>
> I am adding further thoughts.
>
>
>
> jahAra = in Western grammar is the reduplicative perfect tense, 3rdperson,
> sing. Root means ?take? or ?carry away?. Ha is reduplicated with
> palatal ja.
>
> The sentence construction with the locatives, is called locative absolutive
> construction and is usually translated as ?When something happens, something
> else happens?.
>
>
>
> Vimala
>
>
>
>
>
> *From:* sanskrit-boun...@cs.utah.edu [mailto:sanskrit-boun...@cs.utah.edu]
> *On Behalf Of *Krishnanand Mankikar
> *Sent:* Friday, 4 June 2010 12:59 AM
> *To:* Sanskrit Mailing List
> *Subject:* Re: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 8
> (Revised)
>
>
>
> Dear Shri Abhyankar Ji,
>
>
>
> Really a great explanation.
>
> I may add that the usage ????? ???????? falls in the pattern of ???
> ??????. Pl check
>
>
>
>
>
> Mankikar
>
>
>
>
>
> On 3 June 2010 19:15, S. L. Abhyankar <sl.abhyan...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Thanks to Mr. P. G. Kulkarni and Mr. Krishnanand Mankikar for their great
> inputs, their explanations of "????????" in particular and also other
> comments.
>
> Accordingly, I have now revised Lesson 8 adding also examples of
> declensions of third person singular for verb ?? in different tenses and
> moods.
>
> Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 8 (Revised)
>
> Here is an interesting ????????? very onomatopoetically composed. Also it
> displays the flight of imagination of the poet. He leaves it to the reader
> to draw the moral.
>
> ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?
>
> ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?
>
> ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?
>
> ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?
>
>
> Let us start with our study - phrase by phrase, word by word.
>
> ???????????????? = ??????: ????????
>
> ??????: = Night
> ???????? = will pass
>
>
> ???????? ??????????
>
> ???????? = will be or will become
> ?????????? = good morning
>
>
>
> ??????????????? = ???????? ????????
>
> ???????? = one who has splendour; sun ??? + ???
> ??? = splendour
> ??? A Suffix which helps to make a derived noun, meaning "having". Here
> ??? + ??? becomes a derived noun, with meaning "having splendour" One
> common place example is the word ??????
> ???????? = will rise
>
> ???????? ?????????
>
> ???????? = will smile
>
> ?????????
>
> ???? = ???? ????? ??? ??????
>
> ??? = mud
> ???? = in mud
>
> ? = ????? = is born; grows
>
> ? is a sufffix which is used to render a meaning "born of" or "born at"
> or "is born"
>
> ?????? = that which grows in mud = lotus
> ????? = glory
>
> ????????? = ??????? ?????, ????? ???????? ???? glory of lotus
>
>
> ????? ???????? ?????? ????????
>
> ????? = thus
>
>
>
> ???????? = thinking; ???????? is masculine, seventh case singular of
> ???????? a present active participle, derived from the causative of the
> verb ?? + ???
>
>
>
> ??????
>
> ?????: = ???? ??:, ?????? ???????? ????
> ???? = into the treasure, into the bosom
> ??: = gone This is masculine first case singular of the past passive
> participle of root verb ???
> ?????? = having gone into the treasure
>
> ????????
>
> ???????: = ???? ???? ???? ??, ????????? ???? One who has two wings
>
> ???? = two
> ???? = I struggled with the meaning of ??? One would not find it in a
> dictionary. It was very kind of Mr. P. G. Kulkarni and Mr. Krishnanad
> Mankikar to explain that ??????? means a black bee. Sanskrit word which
> can be found in a dictionary is ?????? As can be seen, this word has two '
> ?'-s in it. ??? means this '?'-??? ! So, ??????? means "one, who has two '
> ?'-???-s n its name ! Ooph ! Poetry even in coining a new word !
>
> This phrase ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? merits special attention. Three
> words ???????? ?????? ???????? are all in seventh case ??????. This style
> of composition makes the phrase, a sub-clause. The meaning of these words is
> not to be taken by the meaning in seventh case.
>
> As a phrase, the meaning becomes, "(as) the black bee had gone into the
> bosom and was thinking.." or "(as) the bee, which had gone into the bosom,
> was thinking.."
>
> ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
>
> ?? ???? ???? = interjection, mostly to express sadness, or meaning "alas
> !"
>
>
>
> ?????? = ??????? Second case singular of ????? meaning "lotus", rather "a
> full-grown lotus"
>
>
>
> ?? ??????? = ??: ???????
>
>
>
> ??: = elephant
>
>
>
> ??????? = uprooted, This is declension in past tense, third person,
> singular of root verb ??? + ?? meaning "to uproot"
>
>
> The overall meaning becomes -
>
> As the bee, which had gone into the bosom (of a lotus), was thinking...
>
>
>
> "..night will pass and good morning will dawn,
>
> sun will rise and glory of (this) lotus will smile.."
>
>
>
> Oh God ! an elephant uprooted the lotus !!
>
>
> Moral ?
>
> Never think that things will work out the way you would like. The bee
> possibly thought that it will have all the time of passing of night until
> sunrise and opening of the petals of the lotus, all that time, to enjoy the
> nectar at the bosom of the lotus to its heart's content. But alas, an
> elephant came along and uprooted the lotus itself !!
>
>
>
> Man proposes, God disposes !!
>
>
>
> Never do over-indulgence; always take risk-factors also into account.
>
>
>
> Thanks again to Mr. Kulkarni for adding also an explanation, that "the bee
> could have bored its way out. But it was more thoughtful not to hurt the
> lotus. Behaviour of the elephant was rough, not so considerate as of the
> bee."
>
>
>
> However, I also read a comment, that the elephant uprooted the lotus to
> offer it to Goddess LakShmee !
>
>
>
> Uhmmm ...! The poet sets people to start thinking further, right ?
>
>
> I had another idea also in mind, in taking up this ?????????. In these
> four lines we have ????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ????????, ???,
> ??????? all verb-forms - either declensions or participles. Even the
> suffix ? in ???? has a derivation from a verb.
>
> Of these ????????, ????????, ????????, ???????? are all declensions in
> future tense, third person, singular of different root verbs ???, ??, ??? +
> ???, ???
>
>
> ???????? is masculine, seventh case singular of ???????? a present active
> participle, derived from the causative of the verb ?? + ???
>
> ??? is masculine, seventh case, singular of past passive participle ?? of
> root verb ???
>
> ??????? is declension in past tense, third person, singular of root verb
> ??? + ??
>
>
> Verbs in Sanskrit become a subject of interesting, but very comprehensive
> study. It is possibly no exaggeration to say that Sanskrit owes much of its
> charm for how one can play around with verbs ! Prominently,
>
> 1. A root verb is called as ????
>
> 2. Verbs in Sanskrit are of ten classes called as ??
>
> 3. Some verbs may belong to more than one ??-s
>
> 4. The patterns of declension are of two types, called as ????????? and
> ?????????
>
> 5. When a ???? has declension of both patterns ????????? and ????????? it
> is called as ??????
>
> 6. Declensions of verbs are influenced by tense or mood, person and number
>
> 7. There are ten tenses and moods -
>
> (For ease of understanding given below for each type is third person
> singular form of the verb ??)
> the tenses are seven
>
> Present Tense ???????? ???
> Three types of Past Tense ????
>
> ???? called as "Aorist" by grammarians. This is not in common use.
> Example is ?????
> ??? (???????? ???????) e.g. ?????
> ???? (?????????????) e.g. ????
>
> Three types of Future Tense ????????
>
> ???? e.g. ????????
> ???? e.g. ?????
> ???? e.g. ?????????
>
> and the moods are three
>
> Imperative Mood ???? ???? Imperative mood is for giving an order, e.g.
> ????
> Mood typically indicated by "should" in English ???? ???? e.g. ?????
> Mood of benedictions, benevolent wishes and blessings as indicated by "May
> God bless you" in English ????? ???? e.g. ??????
>
> 8. There are three persons - first person (I, we) second person (you),
> third person (he-she-it, they)
>
> 9. Numbers are three - singular, dual, plural
>
>
>
> In the dictionary, one will usually find a verb identified as follows -
>
>
>
> ????:
>
> ??:
>
> ????
>
> ????. ??. ??. ??.
>
> ?. ??. ??. ??.
>
> 1
>
> ???
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ??????
>
> ??
>
> 2
>
> ??
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ????
>
> ???
>
> 3
>
> ??? + ???
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ??????-??
>
> ??????
>
> 4
>
> ???
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ????
>
> ????
>
> 5
>
> ?? + ??? (???????)
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ????????
>
> ???????
>
> 6
>
> ??? + ??
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ???????-??
>
> ??????
>
>
> In the above table
>
> ?. = ?????????
>
> ?. = ??????
>
> ????. ??. ??. ??. = ???????? ?????-????????? ???????
>
> ?. ??. ??. ??. = ??????-???????????? ??????????? ????????
>
> There are many adjectival and adverbial derivatives obtained from verbs.
>
> 1. Past passive participles such as ??
>
> 2. Present active participles such as ????????
>
> 3. Adjectives obtained from verbs ????????? ?????? by using suffixes ?
> ???? ????
>
> 4. Infinitive obtained by using suffix ????
>
> 5. Adverbial derivatives obtained by using suffix ???? e.g. ????? means
> "upon going"
>
>
> In Sanskrit, words are formed
>
> 1. by declension of nouns, pronouns and adjectives influenced by gender,
> case and number
>
> 2. by declension of verbal roots influenced by tense or mood. voice,
> causative, person and number
> 3. by declension of adjectival derivatives obtained from verbs
>
> And there are of course the
>
> 4. indeclinables - among them adverbs, conjunctions and interjections
>
> 5. adverbial derivatives obtained from verbs, which also are indeclinables.
>
>
>
> For doing word-by-word study we can use five structures to present a study
> of words of these five types.
>
>
> For example we can see a presentation of words in this ????????? in the
> following manner.
>
>
>
> ????:
>
> ??????? ????:
>
> ???????:
>
> ??????
>
> ???????:
>
> ?????
>
> ????????:
>
> ??????:
>
> ??????????
>
> ??????
>
> ??????.
>
> ??????
>
> ??.
>
> night
>
>
>
> ????:
>
> ??????? ????:
>
> ???????:
>
> ??:
>
> ????
>
> ????????? ?
>
> ??????:
>
> ???: ?? ????: ??
>
> ?????:
>
> ?????
>
> ????????:
>
> ????????
>
> ??????????
>
> ???
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ?
>
> ??????
>
> '????'-?????????:
>
> ?????:
>
> ??.
>
> will go, will pass
>
>
>
> ????:
>
> ??????? ????:
>
> ????????:
>
> ??????
>
> ???????
>
> In this manner, thus
>
>
>
> ????:
>
> ??????? ????:
>
> ???????:
>
> ???????:
>
> ??:
>
> ????
>
> ????????? ?
>
> ??????:
>
> ???: ?? ????: ??
>
> ??????
>
> ???????:
>
> ?????
>
> ????????:
>
> ????????
>
> ?. ?. ??. ??.
>
> ????????
>
> ?? + ???
>
> 1
>
> ?.
>
> ??? = Yes
>
> ??????
>
> ???????
>
> ??.
>
> ??????
>
> ??.
>
> when thinking
>
>
> In the table for ???????? please note ?. ?. ??. ??. = ??????
> ???????????????? ??????????? ????????
>
> Wow! We already have structures for four of the five types of words in
> Sanskrit !
>
> And what a study !
>
> Do not these structures give a very satisfactory and confidant feeling that
> "well, the ????????? is really thoroughly understood !" ?
>
>
>
> As an exercise, you can compile a study of all the other words !
>
>
>
> ???????? |
>
>
>
> *-o-O-o-*
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ???????? ,
> ?????????????????? ???????? |
> ???????? ?????? ????????? ?
>
>
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