Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

2015-11-30 Thread Kushad, Mosbah M
Hi David: I have not been able to download the photos.. Could you please send 
them directly via e.mail.. Thanks Mosbah Kushad University of Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Michael Vaughn
Sent: Monday, November 30, 2015 11:29 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

I saw these this year starting with Northern Spy in mid-October.  Then as 
November approached it became quite prevalent on other varieties (HoneyCrisp, 
Golden Delicious)  Not seeing it on Granny Smith no Gala.

This was before storage, that is on the tree.

On Sat, Nov 28, 2015 at 2:16 PM, David Kollas 
<kol...@frontier.com<mailto:kol...@frontier.com>> wrote:


The two photos here show a skin-deep discoloration now appearing in several 
varieties of our stored fruit
(32-36F, air).  In most cases I can distinguish a circular lighter-colored zone 
centered on a lenticel, but this often merges into similar tan-colored skin 
beyond the single lenticel.  None of the spots I have seen is larger than the
the diameter of a 5-cent coin.  Affected skin is not different than normal skin 
to the touch. There is no pitting or
depression in the affected area.  Note that in one of the Mutsu fruits shown, 
discoloration is limited to the calyx-end points.

In several years I have seen scald symptoms near the end of storage season 
(late February, March), but
now in mid-November, I don't expect to see superficial scald. I am wondering 
whether others have seen
similar symptoms.


David Kollas
Kollas Orchard
Tolland, Connecticut; USA



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Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

2015-11-30 Thread Michael Vaughn
I saw these this year starting with Northern Spy in mid-October.  Then as
November approached it became quite prevalent on other varieties
(HoneyCrisp, Golden Delicious)  Not seeing it on Granny Smith no Gala.

This was before storage, that is on the tree.

On Sat, Nov 28, 2015 at 2:16 PM, David Kollas  wrote:

>
>
> The two photos here show a skin-deep discoloration now appearing in
> several varieties of our stored fruit
> (32-36F, air).  In most cases I can distinguish a circular lighter-colored
> zone centered on a lenticel, but this often merges into similar tan-colored
> skin beyond the single lenticel.  None of the spots I have seen is larger
> than the
> the diameter of a 5-cent coin.  Affected skin is not different than normal
> skin to the touch. There is no pitting or
> depression in the affected area.  Note that in one of the Mutsu fruits
> shown, discoloration is limited to the calyx-end points.
>
> In several years I have seen scald symptoms near the end of storage season
> (late February, March), but
> now in mid-November, I don't expect to see superficial scald. I am
> wondering whether others have seen
> similar symptoms.
>
>
> David Kollas
> Kollas Orchard
> Tolland, Connecticut; USA
>
>
>
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> apple-crop mailing list
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Owner / Manager
Pie-In-the-Sky Orchards
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Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

2015-11-29 Thread David Kollas
Today I have some additional observations concerning the skin disorder. 
 
The fruits in the photos of my previous posting were collected by my  
wife, Janet, during her sorting of
fruit for the farm salesroom.  Yesterday I asked her to notice, during sorting, 
whether spotted fruits were randomly distributed in the crates; or instead 
perhaps, only found in contact with the walls or bottom of the
crates.  In today’s sorting, she found the spots only on fruits bearing against 
a wall or bottom.  Only about 25 percent of such fruits showed the spots.
The crates we use are standard 6 gallon plastic milk crates made in 
Connecticut.  To prevent cutting of
fruit by the sharp-edged interior walls of these crates, we installed 
polypropylene mesh on all interior surfaces.
We have used these tamed crates for harvest,storage, sorting,and sales display 
for the past 15 years. No post-harvest dips or flooding is applied. No calcium 
sprays have been used pre harvest or post harvest.  Every year, some or most of 
the crates are cleaned and sanitized to remove dust and visible fungus.The 
cleaning/sanitizing is done by dipping crates in an aqueous mix of household 
bleach and dishwasher detergent.  Janet and I sort of split the 
responsibilities here; we call her the Vice President for Marketing, so crate 
cleaning fell to her.  She asked me about skipping the rinse step last summer.  
I said, Sure, the chlorine evaporates and disappears.  I, ahh...did not 
consider possible burn to fruit from the detergent.  I think now the rinse step 
will be reinstated.
I would rather have found some explanation that would leave me 
guiltless, but I do feel better in the confidence that this injury will not 
likely appear here in future years.

Dave R.:  I appreciate your efforts and willingness to elaborate as you 
do. This particular skin disorder may never present itself to you again, but if 
it does, you will think of this unusual explanation to add to your list of 
possibilities.

David Kollas
Kollas Orchard

On Nov 29, 2015, at 7:48 PM, David A. Rosenberger  wrote:

> Hello, David —
> 
> Did you apply any postharvest treatments to the affected fruit?  Do the spots 
> appear at points of fruit contact in the boxes as the fruit come out of 
> storage? If answers to these two questions are positive, then  toxicity from 
> postharvest treatment solutions due to slow drying at contact points might be 
> involved.  If answers to the first two questions are negative, then my final 
> question is whether you applied calcium sprays in the field during late 
> summer?  
> 
> As you can tell, I don’t know the cause of the damage shown in your photos.  
> However, I have received or been sent photos of similar problems from many 
> growers and consultants over the past 5 to 8 years.  As you indicted, I have 
> frequently noted what appears to be damage originating from a lenticel but 
> then spreading to kill epidermal cells  around the affected lenticel. In 
> those cases, I suspect (but cannot prove) that the damage resulted from 
> uptake via the lenticels of some toxicant (calcium, captan, other pesticide, 
> air pollutants?) that weakened but did not immediately kill the cells around 
> the lenticel.  However these weakened cells later died during storage, 
> resulting in blackened lenticels. And I suspect that diffusion of the 
> toxicant from the lenticel entry point slowly killed other epidermal cells 
> around that lenticel. In some cases, the toxicant may have been applied in a 
> postharvest treatment, but I suspect that most damage of this kind is 
> initiated in the field.  Your photos, especially the one showing damage on 
> the calyx points of the fruit, suggests that sprayed product may have pooled 
> at the low points of the fruit during a preharvest spray, thereby allowing 
> for excessive uptake that contributed to subsequent cell death during 
> storage.  In some cases, I have wondered if fruit that are too close to a 
> sprayer nozzle during late season sprays may end up with lenticels that are 
> damaged by direct exposure to the high-pressure output from passing nozzles, 
> but I doubt that was the case for your fruit where single lesions seem to 
> predominate. 
> 
> I wish we knew what the offending toxicants and/or contributing factors 
> really are.   Or, if anyone has a better explanation for the damage in the 
> photos, I would love to hear it.
> 
> 
> Dave Rosenberger, Plant Pathologist,
> Hudson Valley Lab, P.O. Box 727, Highland, NY 12528
> 
> 
>> On Nov 28, 2015, at 2:16 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> The two photos here show a skin-deep discoloration now appearing in several 
>> varieties of our stored fruit
>> (32-36F, air).  In most cases I can distinguish a circular lighter-colored 
>> zone centered on a lenticel, but this 

Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

2015-11-29 Thread David A. Rosenberger
Hello, David —

Did you apply any postharvest treatments to the affected fruit?  Do the spots 
appear at points of fruit contact in the boxes as the fruit come out of 
storage? If answers to these two questions are positive, then  toxicity from 
postharvest treatment solutions due to slow drying at contact points might be 
involved.  If answers to the first two questions are negative, then my final 
question is whether you applied calcium sprays in the field during late summer? 
 

As you can tell, I don’t know the cause of the damage shown in your photos.  
However, I have received or been sent photos of similar problems from many 
growers and consultants over the past 5 to 8 years.  As you indicted, I have 
frequently noted what appears to be damage originating from a lenticel but then 
spreading to kill epidermal cells  around the affected lenticel. In those 
cases, I suspect (but cannot prove) that the damage resulted from uptake via 
the lenticels of some toxicant (calcium, captan, other pesticide, air 
pollutants?) that weakened but did not immediately kill the cells around the 
lenticel.  However these weakened cells later died during storage, resulting in 
blackened lenticels. And I suspect that diffusion of the toxicant from the 
lenticel entry point slowly killed other epidermal cells around that lenticel. 
In some cases, the toxicant may have been applied in a postharvest treatment, 
but I suspect that most damage of this kind is initiated in the field.  Your 
photos, especially the one showing damage on the calyx points of the fruit, 
suggests that sprayed product may have pooled at the low points of the fruit 
during a preharvest spray, thereby allowing for excessive uptake that 
contributed to subsequent cell death during storage.  In some cases, I have 
wondered if fruit that are too close to a sprayer nozzle during late season 
sprays may end up with lenticels that are damaged by direct exposure to the 
high-pressure output from passing nozzles, but I doubt that was the case for 
your fruit where single lesions seem to predominate. 

I wish we knew what the offending toxicants and/or contributing factors really 
are.   Or, if anyone has a better explanation for the damage in the photos, I 
would love to hear it.


Dave Rosenberger, Plant Pathologist,
Hudson Valley Lab, P.O. Box 727, Highland, NY 12528


> On Nov 28, 2015, at 2:16 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> The two photos here show a skin-deep discoloration now appearing in several 
> varieties of our stored fruit
> (32-36F, air).  In most cases I can distinguish a circular lighter-colored 
> zone centered on a lenticel, but this often merges into similar tan-colored 
> skin beyond the single lenticel.  None of the spots I have seen is larger 
> than the
> the diameter of a 5-cent coin.  Affected skin is not different than normal 
> skin to the touch. There is no pitting or
> depression in the affected area.  Note that in one of the Mutsu fruits shown, 
> discoloration is limited to the calyx-end points.
> 
> In several years I have seen scald symptoms near the end of storage season 
> (late February, March), but 
> now in mid-November, I don't expect to see superficial scald. I am wondering 
> whether others have seen
> similar symptoms.  
> 
> 
> David Kollas
> Kollas Orchard
> Tolland, Connecticut; USA
> 
> 
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