Note that ebs iops scale with disk capacity – gp2 volumes < 3334 GB have “burst” capacity that you can exhaust. Practically speaking, this may not matter to you, but if you chose a very small volume size (say, 500G), your baseline throughput may be much lower than you anticipate.
From: Seth Edwards <s...@pubnub.com> Reply-To: "user@cassandra.apache.org" <user@cassandra.apache.org> Date: Monday, October 17, 2016 at 2:06 PM To: user <user@cassandra.apache.org> Subject: Re: Adding disk capacity to a running node Thanks for the detailed steps Ben! This gives me another option in case of emergency. On Mon, Oct 17, 2016 at 1:55 PM, Ben Bromhead <b...@instaclustr.com> wrote: yup you would need to copy the files across to the new volume from the dir you wanted to give additional space to. Rough steps would look like: Create EBS volume (make it big... like 3TB) Attach to instance Mount/format EBS volume Stop C* Copy full/troublesome directory to the EBS volume Remove copied files (using rsync for the copy / remove step can be a good idea) bind mount EBS volume with the same path as the troublesome directory Start C* back up Let it finish compacting / streaming etc Stop C* remove bind mount copy files back to ephemeral start C* back up repeat on other nodes run repair You can use this process if you somehow end up in a full disk situation. If you end up in a low disk situation you'll have other issues (like corrupt / half written SSTable components), but it's better than nothing Also to maintain your read throughput during this whole thing, double check the EBS volumes read_ahead_kb setting on the block volume and reduce it to something sane like 0 or 16. On Mon, 17 Oct 2016 at 13:42 Seth Edwards <s...@pubnub.com> wrote: @Ben Interesting idea, is this also an option for situations where the disk is completely full and Cassandra has stopped? (Not that I want to go there). If this was the route taken, and we did mount --bind /mnt/path/to/large/sstable /mnt/newebs We would still need to do some manual copying of files? such as mv /mnt/path/to/large/sstable.sd /mnt/newebs ? Thanks! On Mon, Oct 17, 2016 at 12:59 PM, Ben Bromhead <b...@instaclustr.com> wrote: Yup as everyone has mentioned ephemeral are fine if you run in multiple AZs... which is pretty much mandatory for any production deployment in AWS (and other cloud providers) . i2.2xls are generally your best bet for high read throughput applications on AWS. Also on AWS ephemeral storage will generally survive a user initiated restart. For the times that AWS retires an instance, you get plenty of notice and it's generally pretty rare. We run over 1000 instances on AWS and see one forced retirement a month if that. We've never had an instance pulled from under our feet without warning. To add another option for the original question, one thing you can do is to attach a large EBS drive to the instance and bind mount it to the directory for the table that has the very large SSTables. You will need to copy data across to the EBS volume. Let everything compact and then copy everything back and detach EBS. Latency may be higher than normal on the node you are doing this on (especially if you are used to i2.2xl performance). This is something we often have to do, when we encounter pathological compaction situations associated with bootstrapping, adding new DCs or STCS with a dominant table or people ignore high disk usage warnings :) On Mon, 17 Oct 2016 at 12:43 Jeff Jirsa <jeff.ji...@crowdstrike.com> wrote: Ephemeral is fine, you just need to have enough replicas (in enough AZs and enough regions) to tolerate instances being terminated. From: Vladimir Yudovin <vla...@winguzone.com> Reply-To: "user@cassandra.apache.org" <user@cassandra.apache.org> Date: Monday, October 17, 2016 at 11:48 AM To: user <user@cassandra.apache.org> Subject: Re: Adding disk capacity to a running node It's extremely unreliable to use ephemeral (local) disks. Even if you don't stop instance by yourself, it can be restarted on different server in case of some hardware failure or AWS initiated update. So all node data will be lost. Best regards, Vladimir Yudovin, Winguzone - Hosted Cloud Cassandra on Azure and SoftLayer. Launch your cluster in minutes. ---- On Mon, 17 Oct 2016 14:45:00 -0400Seth Edwards <s...@pubnub.com> wrote ---- These are i2.2xlarge instances so the disks currently configured as ephemeral dedicated disks. On Mon, Oct 17, 2016 at 11:34 AM, Laing, Michael <michael.la...@nytimes.com> wrote: You could just expand the size of your ebs volume and extend the file system. No data is lost - assuming you are running Linux. On Monday, October 17, 2016, Seth Edwards <s...@pubnub.com> wrote: We're running 2.0.16. We're migrating to a new data model but we've had an unexpected increase in write traffic that has caused us some capacity issues when we encounter compactions. Our old data model is on STCS. We'd like to add another ebs volume (we're on aws) to our JBOD config and hopefully avoid any situation where we run out of disk space during a large compaction. It appears that the behavior we are hoping to get is actually undesirable and removed in 3.2. It still might be an option for us until we can finish the migration. I'm not familiar with LVM so it may be a bit risky to try at this point. On Mon, Oct 17, 2016 at 9:42 AM, Yabin Meng <yabinm...@gmail.com> wrote: I assume you're talking about Cassandra JBOD (just a bunch of disk) setup because you do mention it as adding it to the list of data directories. If this is the case, you may run into issues, depending on your C* version. Check this out: http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/improving-jbod. Or another approach is to use LVM to manage multiple devices into a single mount point. If you do so, from what Cassandra can see is just simply increased disk storage space and there should should have no problem. Hope this helps, Yabin On Mon, Oct 17, 2016 at 11:54 AM, Vladimir Yudovin <vla...@winguzone.com> wrote: Yes, Cassandra should keep percent of disk usage equal for all disk. Compaction process and SSTable flushes will use new disk to distribute both new and existing data. Best regards, Vladimir Yudovin, Winguzone - Hosted Cloud Cassandra on Azure and SoftLayer. Launch your cluster in minutes. ---- On Mon, 17 Oct 2016 11:43:27 -0400Seth Edwards <s...@pubnub.com> wrote ---- We have a few nodes that are running out of disk capacity at the moment and instead of adding more nodes to the cluster, we would like to add another disk to the server and add it to the list of data directories. My question, is, will Cassandra use the new disk for compactions on sstables that already exist in the primary directory? Thanks! ____________________________________________________________________ CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: This e-mail and any attachments are confidential and may be legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, do not disclose, copy, distribute, or use this email or any attachments. If you have received this in error please let the sender know and then delete the email and all attachments. -- Ben Bromhead CTO | Instaclustr +1 650 284 9692 Managed Cassandra / Spark on AWS, Azure and Softlayer -- Ben Bromhead CTO | Instaclustr +1 650 284 9692 Managed Cassandra / Spark on AWS, Azure and Softlayer ____________________________________________________________________ CONFIDENTIALITY NOTE: This e-mail and any attachments are confidential and may be legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, do not disclose, copy, distribute, or use this email or any attachments. If you have received this in error please let the sender know and then delete the email and all attachments.
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