Hi,
> but it's so easy to add nodes Apache Cassandra has some kind of magic pieces ;-). Sometimes it is dark magic though :p. Yet adding a node is indeed not harder when using NetworkTopologyStrategy, as Jon mentioned above, once the configuration is done once properly. > Number of keys (estimate): 442779640 > > Number of keys (estimate): 736380940 > > Number of keys (estimate): 451097313 > This is indeed possibly, and most certainly creating imbalances. But also look at the partition size when using 'nodetool cfstats', using the previous information and the 'Compacted partition mean bytes', you should have an idea how much the disk space used is imbalanced. If you would like more details on the partition size distribution, partition size percentile are available using 'nodetool cfhistograms'. Regarding the global load (CPU, GC, disk IO, etc), it also depends on the workload (ie, what partitions are being read). *Should I use nodetool rebuild?* No, I see no reason. This command, 'nodetool rebuild' is meant to be used when adding a new datacenter to the cluster. Which, by the way, will not happen as long as you are using the 'SimpleStrategy', that basically creates one big ring and consider all the nodes as being part of it, no matter their placement in the network, if I remember correctly. The nodetool repair by default in this C* version is incremental and since > the repair is run in all nodes in different hours Incremental repairs are quite new to me. But I heard they bring some issues, often due to anti-compactions inducing a high number of SSTables and a growing number of compactions pending. But it does not look bad in your case. Yet the '-pr' option should not be used when doing incremental repairs. This thread mentions it and is probably worth reading: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/nosql-databases/peTArLfhXMU. Also I believe it is mentioned in the video about repairs from Alexander I shared in my last mail. and I don't want snapshots that's why I'm cleaning twice a day (not sure > that with -pr a snapshot is created). So the option using snapshots is not '-pr', but '-seq' (sequential) or '-par' (parallel), more info: https://docs.datastax.com/en/cassandra/3.0/cassandra/tools/toolsRepair.html If you want to keep using sequential repairs, then you could check the snpashots automaticly generated names, and aim at deleting them specifically to prevent you from removing an other manually created and possibly important snapshot. I'm using garbagecollect to force the cleanup since I'm running out of > space. Oh that's a whole topic. These blogposts should hopefully be helpful: - thelastpickle.com/blog/2016/07/27/about-deletes-and-tombstones.html (From myself, how to handle tombstones) - http://thelastpickle.com/blog/2016/12/08/TWCS-part1.html (From Alexander, a coworker @TLP - TWCS and expiring tables) Hopefully some information picked from those 2 blog posts might help you freeing some disk space. It is probably not needed to use 'garbagecollect' as a routine operation. Some tuning in the compaction strategy or options (using defaults currently) might be enough to solve the issue. Yet the data is not correctly distributed. Something in the data model design is inducing it. The primary key (hashed) is what is used to affect the data to a specific node. Also a variable partition size can also lead to hotspots. As a side note, I strongly believe that understanding internals is very important to operate Apache Cassandra correctly, I mean playing with it to learn can put you in some undesirable situations. That's why I keep mentioning some blog posts, talks or documentations that I think could be helpful to know Apache Cassandra internals and processes a bit more. C*heers, ----------------------- Alain Rodriguez - @arodream - al...@thelastpickle.com France The Last Pickle - Apache Cassandra Consulting http://www.thelastpickle.com 2017-05-04 17:10 GMT+01:00 Jon Haddad <jonathan.had...@gmail.com>: > Adding nodes with NTS is easier, in my opinion. You don’t need to worry > about replica placement, if you do it right. > > On May 4, 2017, at 7:43 AM, Cogumelos Maravilha < > cogumelosmaravi...@sapo.pt> wrote: > > Hi Alain thanks for your kick reply. > > > Regarding SimpleStrategy perhaps you are right but it's so easy to add > nodes. > > I'm *not* using vnodes and the default 256. The information that I've > posted it a regular nodetool status keyspace. > > My partition key is a sequencial big int but nodetool cfstatus shows that > the number of keys are not balanced (data from 3 nodes): > > Number of keys (estimate): 442779640 > > Number of keys (estimate): 736380940 > > Number of keys (estimate): 451097313 > > *Should I use nodetool rebuild?* > > Running: > > nodetool getendpoints mykeyspace data 9213395123941039285 > > 10.1.1.52 > 10.1.1.185 > > nodetool getendpoints mykeyspace data 9213395123941039286 > > 10.1.1.161 > 10.1.1.19 > > All nodes are working hard because my TTL is for 18 days and daily data > ingestion is around 120,000,000 records: > > nodetool compactionstats -H > pending tasks: 3 > - mykeyspace.data: 3 > > id compaction type keyspace > table completed total unit progress > c49599b1-308d-11e7-ba5b-67e232f1bee1 Remove deleted data mykeyspace data > 133.89 GiB 158.33 GiB bytes 84.56% > c49599b0-308d-11e7-ba5b-67e232f1bee1 Remove deleted data mykeyspace data > 136.2 GiB 278.96 GiB bytes 48.83% > > Active compaction remaining time : 0h00m00s > > > nodetool compactionstats -H > pending tasks: 2 > - mykeyspace.data: 2 > > id compaction type keyspace table > completed total unit progress > b6e8ce80-30d4-11e7-a2be-9b830f114108 Compaction mykeyspace data 4.05 > GiB 133.02 GiB bytes 3.04% > Active compaction remaining time : 2h17m34s > > > The nodetool repair by default in this C* version is incremental and since > the repair is run in all nodes in different hours and I don't want > snapshots that's why I'm cleaning twice a day (not sure that with -pr a > snapshot is created). > > The cleanup was already remove was there because last node was created a > few days ago. > > I'm using garbagecollect to force the cleanup since I'm running out of > space. > > > Regards. > > > On 05/04/2017 12:50 PM, Alain RODRIGUEZ wrote: > > Hi, > > CREATE KEYSPACE mykeyspace WITH replication = {'class': >> 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': '2'} AND durable_writes = false; > > > The SimpleStrategy is never recommended for production clusters as it > does not recognise racks or datacenter, inducing possible availability > issues and unpredictable latency when using those. I would not even use it > for testing purposes, I see no point in most cases. > > Even if this should be changed, carefully but as soon as possible imho, it > is probably not related to your main issue at hand. > > If nodes are imbalanced, there are 3 mains questions that come to my mind: > > > 1. Are the token well distributed among the available nodes? > 2. Is the data correctly balanced on the token ring (i.e. are the 'id' > values of 'mykeyspace.data' table well spread between the nodes? > 3. Are the compaction processes running smoothly on every nodes > > > *Point 1* depends on whether you are using vnodes or not and what number > of vnodes ('num_token' in cassandra.yaml). > > - If not using vnodes, you have to manually set the positions of the > nodes and move them around when adding more nodes so thing remain balanced > - If using vnodes, make sure to use a high enough number of vnodes so > distribution is 'good enough' (More than 32 in most cases, default is 256, > which lead to quite balanced rings, but brings other issues) > > > UN 10.1.1.161 398.39 GiB 256 28.9% >> UN 10.1.1.19 765.32 GiB 256 29.9% >> UN 10.1.1.52 574.24 GiB 256 28.2% >> UN 10.1.1.213 817.56 GiB 256 28.2% >> UN 10.1.1.85 638.82 GiB 256 28.2% >> UN 10.1.1.245 408.95 GiB 256 28.7% >> UN 10.1.1.185 574.63 GiB 256 27.9% > > > You can have the token ownership information by running 'nodetool status > <mykeyspace>'. Adding the keyspace name in the command give you the real > ownership. Also, RF = 2 means the total of the ownership should be 200%, > ideally evenly balanced. I am not sure about the command you ran here. Also > as a global advice, let us the command you ran and what you expect us to > see in the output. > > Still the tokens seems to be well distributed, and I guess you are using > the default 'num_token': 256. So I believe you are not having this issue. > But the delta between the data hold on each node is up to x2 (400 GB on > some nodes, 800 GB on some others). > > *Point 2* highly depends on the workload. Are your partitions evenly > distributed among the nodes? It depends on your primary key. Using an UUID > as the partition key is often a good idea, but it depends on your needs as > well, of course. You could look at the distribution on the distinct nodes > through: 'nodetool cfstats'. > > *Point 3* : even if the tokens are perfectly distributed and the primary > key perfectly randomized, some node can have some disk issue or any other > reason having the compactions falling behind. This would lead to this node > to hold more data and note evicting tombstones properly in some cases, > increasing disk space used. Other than that, you can have a big SSTable > being compacted on a node, having the size of the node growing quite > suddenly (that's why 50 to 20% of the disk should always be free, depending > on the compaction strategy in use and the number of concurrent > compactions). Here, running 'nodetool compactionstats -H' on all the nodes > would probably help you to troubleshoot. > > *About crontab* > > >> 08 05 * * * root nodetool repair -pr >> 11 11 * * * root fstrim -a >> 04 12 * * * root nodetool clearsnapshot >> 33 13 * * 2 root nodetool cleanup >> 35 15 * * * root nodetool garbagecollect >> 46 19 * * * root nodetool clearsnapshot >> 50 23 * * * root nodetool flush >> > > I don't understand what you try to achieve with some of the commands: > > nodetool repair -pr > > > Repairing the cluster regularly is good in most cases, but as default > changes with version, I would specify if the repair is supposed to be > 'incremental' or 'full', if it is supposed to be 'sequential' or 'parallel' > for example. Also, as the dataset growth, some issue will appear with > repairs.Just search for 'repairs cassandra' on google or any search engine > you are using and you will see that repair is a complex topic. Look for > videos and you will find a lot of informations about it from nice talks > like these 2 from the last summit: > > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrF8wQuXXks > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Sz_K8UID6E > > Also some nice tools exist to help with repairs: > > The Reaper (originally made at Spotify now maintained by The Last Pickle): > https://github.com/thelastpickle/cassandra-reaper > 'cassandra_range_repair.py': https://github.com/BrianGalle > w/cassandra_range_repair > > 11 11 * * * root fstrim -a > > > I am not really sure about this one but it looks good as long as the > 'fstrim' do not create performance issue while it is running it seems fine. > > 04 12 * * * root nodetool clearsnapshot > > > This will automatically erase any snapshot you might want to keep. It > might be good to specify what snapshot you want to remove and name it. Some > snapshots will be created and not removed when using a sequential repair. > So I believe clearing specific snapshots is a good idea to save disk space. > > 33 13 * * 2 root nodetool cleanup > > > This is to be ran on all the nodes after adding a new node. It will just > remove data from existing node that 'gave' some token ranges to the new > node. To do so it will compact all the SSTables. It doesn't seem to be a > good idea to 'cron' that. > > 35 15 * * * root nodetool garbagecollect > > > This is also an heavy operation that you should not need in a regular > basis: http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/tools/nodetool/ > garbagecollect.html. What problem are you trying to solve here? Your data > uses TTLs and TWCS, so expired SSTable should be going away without any > issue. > > 46 19 * * * root nodetool clearsnapshot > > > Again? What for? > > 50 23 * * * root nodetool flush > > > This will produce tables to be flushed at the same time, no matter their > sizes or any other considerations. It is not to be used unless you are > doing some testing, debugging or on your way to shut down the node. > > C*heers, > ----------------------- > Alain Rodriguez - @arodream - al...@thelastpickle.com > France > > The Last Pickle - Apache Cassandra Consulting > http://www.thelastpickle.com > > 2017-05-04 11:38 GMT+01:00 Cogumelos Maravilha <cogumelosmaravi...@sapo.pt > >: > >> Hi all, >> >> I'm using C* 3.10. >> >> CREATE KEYSPACE mykeyspace WITH replication = {'class': >> 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor': '2'} AND durable_writes = false; >> >> CREATE TABLE mykeyspace.data ( >> id bigint PRIMARY KEY, >> kafka text >> ) WITH bloom_filter_fp_chance = 0.5 >> AND caching = {'keys': 'ALL', 'rows_per_partition': 'NONE'} >> AND comment = '' >> AND compaction = {'class': >> 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.TimeWindowCompactionStrategy', >> 'compaction_window_size': '10', 'compaction_window_unit': 'HOURS', >> 'max_threshold': '32', 'min_threshold': '6'} >> AND compression = {'chunk_length_in_kb': '64', 'class': >> 'org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.LZ4Compressor'} >> AND crc_check_chance = 0.0 >> AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0.1 >> AND default_time_to_live = 1555200 >> AND gc_grace_seconds = 10800 >> AND max_index_interval = 2048 >> AND memtable_flush_period_in_ms = 0 >> AND min_index_interval = 128 >> AND read_repair_chance = 0.0 >> AND speculative_retry = '99PERCENTILE'; >> >> UN 10.1.1.161 398.39 GiB 256 28.9% >> UN 10.1.1.19 765.32 GiB 256 29.9% >> UN 10.1.1.52 574.24 GiB 256 28.2% >> UN 10.1.1.213 817.56 GiB 256 28.2% >> UN 10.1.1.85 638.82 GiB 256 28.2% >> UN 10.1.1.245 408.95 GiB 256 28.7% >> UN 10.1.1.185 574.63 GiB 256 27.9% >> >> At crontab in all nodes (only changes the time): >> >> 08 05 * * * root nodetool repair -pr >> 11 11 * * * root fstrim -a >> 04 12 * * * root nodetool clearsnapshot >> 33 13 * * 2 root nodetool cleanup >> 35 15 * * * root nodetool garbagecollect >> 46 19 * * * root nodetool clearsnapshot >> 50 23 * * * root nodetool flush >> >> I can I fixed this? >> >> Thanks in advance. >> >> >> >> --------------------------------------------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe, e-mail: user-unsubscr...@cassandra.apache.org >> For additional commands, e-mail: user-h...@cassandra.apache.org >> >> > > >
