dear vikas when u write any formula u give reference of the cells.
am i right, so there are three type of references in excel. 1. relative reference 2. absolute reference 3. mixed reference the reference which we use is relative reference. like if there is marks of english nd maths in column A and column B and in column C there is total of column A and Column B values. there is heading english in A1, maths in B1 and Total in C1. suppose there is data of 10 students. we write formula =sum(a2:b2) in c2 and press enter. total of a2 and b2 will appear in cell c2. so we copy the formula of c2 by pressing control plus C and press shift and down arrow and select upto c11 and press contro plus v and press enter. now if we navigate in c column. when our cursor reach on c2 it will say c2 has formula. press control plus F2 it will speak the foumula. it will say =sum(a2:b2). once press down arrow our cursor moves to c3. press here control plus F2, it will say =sum(a3:b3). vikas it is relative referencing. because the cell reference in the copied cells is automatically changed. we copied the formula one cell down so it also change the refence one cell down from a2:b2 to a3:b3 for c3 and a4:b4 for c4 and for other cells also. i think u know it already. now we will talk about absoulte referencing. give the heading as salary, increment, new salary, percent in A1, B1. C1 and D1. in A column employees salary is entered from a2 to a10. in D2 10 in entered, we assume that we want to know that how much will be the new salary if we increase there salary by 10 percent. when we enter the formula in b2 for calculating 10 percent of salary. we can do it in folowing ways. =a2*10/100 and press enter. it will calculate 10 percent of a2. copy this formula and paste it upto b10. it is relative referencing. we mentioned here 10, it is hard coded, but if we want to provide how much percent we want to calculate through cell reference we can do this as following: first try it: write =a2*d2/100 in b2 and press enter. copy it and paste it from b3 to b10. u see there is correct output in b2 but not in b3 to b10. because in b3 the formula chaged to =a3*d3/100. there is no value in d3 so the output is 0 from b3 to b10 cells. but if we want the correct output by using cell reference then we have to use absoulute referencing. write =a2*$d$2/100 in b2 and press enter. copy it and paste it from b2 to b10. now it will give u the correct result. Depending on the task you want to perform in Excel, you can use either relative cell references, which are references to cells relative to the position of the formula, or absolute references, which are cell references that always refer to cells in a specific location. If a dollar sign precedes the letter and/or number, such as $A$1, the column and/or row reference is absolute. Relative references automatically adjust when you copy them, and absolute references don't. so this is absoulte referencing. in mixed referencing if we preedes the letter with dollar and not precede the number with the dollar or we preceded the number with the dollar and not the letter then it is mixed referencing. like $a1 here a is fixed and a$1 here 1 is fixed. Regards Ajay Sharma On 7/8/06, Vikas Kapoor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Dear Members, > I know here on this list there are many excel specialists. Though I don't > have any mastery over excel, I use this application for a very limited > purposes like preparing the internal assessment for my college students and > I find it very useful for this purpose. I just wanted to know one very > minute clarification, that is, how do we restrict the formula results to > only two digits after dot. Suppose, after some calculations, if the result > displayed is, 75.318654, how can we restrict to only two digits, that is, > 75.32. My sighted friends do this just at a click of one mouse command, > but when I try to access the same with the jaws, or pc cursor, it is not > visible. > Regards, > Vikas Kapoor, > MSN ID: > [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Yahoo ID: > [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Skype ID: dl_vikas > Mobile: (+91) 9891098137. > To unsubscribe send a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] the subject unsubscribe. > > To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes, > please visit the list home page at > http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org.in > -- Ajay Sharma Delhi 9899326670 To unsubscribe send a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the subject unsubscribe. To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes, please visit the list home page at http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org.in
