ARTICLE 3: DISEASES OF THE EYE
Astigmatism The image falling on the retina is distorted because the curvature of the cornea is not the same in all axes. Cataract Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision. Chalazion Small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed from chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland). Conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Diabetic retinopathy Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include micro aneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels forming near the optic disk). Emmetropia Normal vision Glaucoma Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to retina and optic nerve. Open angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma, consisting of a persistent elevation of intraocular pressure. Narrow angle glaucoma is the acute onset of unilateral ocular pain and visual loss due to sudden obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) The focus of light rays passing into the eyes lies behind the retina, due to a congenitally short anteroposterior diameter of the eyeball. Hordeolum (stye) A localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid. Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. Macular degeneration Deterioration of the macula of the retina. Myopia (nearsightedness) the focus of light rays passing into the eye lens in front of the retina because of a congenitally long anteroposterior diameter of the eyeball. Nystagmus It is involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes, typically bilateral, due to congenital abnormality, multiple sclerosis or central nervous system tumor, infection, or hemorrhage, or intoxication. Presbyopia Impairment of vision due to old age. Retinopathy A general term for degenerative disorders of the retina, Usually accompanied by loss of vision and of the due to Systemic disease. Hypertensive retinopathy is degenerative retinal changes due to impairment of blood supply to the Retina and choroid in persons with very high, or Chronic, hypertension with variable degrees of visual Loss. Diabetic retinopathy is degenerative vascular changes in the retina occurring in diabetes mellitus, particularly in poorly controlled diabetes; the principal cause of legal blindness before age 65. Retinal detachment Two layers of the retina separate from each other. Retinitis pigmentosa Progressive retinal sclerosis, pigmentation, and atrophy. Strabismus Abnormal deviation of the eye. Inward deviation is called esotropia, outward deviation exotropia. If one eye is consistently affected, central suppression of its image eventually occurs, with resulting amblyopia (dulling of vision that cannot be corrected with a lens). Uveitis Inflammation of any part of the uveal tract. Anterior uveitis (iritis, cyclitis, iridocyclitis) causes unilateral ocular pain, visual blurring, and photophobia. Posterior uveitis (choroiditis) causes gradual loss of vision in one eye, with minimal discomfort. dr. jitender aggarwal ceo sarthak educational trust ph: 9818711463 To unsubscribe send a message to [email protected] with the subject unsubscribe. To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes, please visit the list home page at http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org.in
