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Renuka.

On 8/24/12, deepak saini <[email protected]> wrote:
> please send answer keys for ugcnet exam
> june 2012 for paper I.
> paper 2 for poll science
> paper 2 and paper 3
>
> On 8/24/12, avinash shahi <[email protected]> wrote:
>> As we celebrate these super-fit athletes, benefits for disabled people
>> are being cut and views against them are hardening
>>
>> Polly Toynbee
>> guardian.co.uk, Thursday 23 August 2012 20.30 BST
>> The benefit cuts will be shocking: 90,000 motability cars and scooters
>> will be repossessed. Photograph: Keith Morris/Alamy
>> The flames are lit, the torches are on the move. Next week an
>> extraordinary spectacle unfolds, revealing super-fit, finely muscled
>> Paralympians doing things few able-bodied people could ever achieve.
>> But will it change public attitudes – and if so, for better or worse?
>>
>> Polls show public views hardening against disabled people. Once
>> deserving, now they are malingerers. A Glasgow University study of
>> media reporting shows a sharp increase in the use of "scrounger",
>> "cheat" and "skiver" in relation to disability. TV shockumentaries
>> have relished tales of roofers and marathon runners on sickness
>> benefits. Official figures showing fraud at less than 1% don't stick
>> in the mind, but one good cheating anecdote lingers for years. Focus
>> groups now often estimate disability fraud at a preposterous 70%. No
>> surprise that more than half of disabled people say they are
>> experiencing new hostility, aggression and violence from strangers.
>> Cases reported to the police have soared, and Disability Rights UK
>> says harassment is rarely reported.
>>
>> The Treasury will take back around £2bn when disability living
>> allowance (DLA) is replaced with personal independence payments (PIP)
>> next year. Two-thirds of claimants will lose it, some severe cases
>> will get a bit more, but official estimates say it will be lost by
>> 280,000 in most need. The allowance pays the extra costs of
>> disability, in or out of work, for personal help, taxis or cars. The
>> cuts will be shocking: 90,000 motability cars and scooters will be
>> repossessed. That's an average of 140 per constituency. Are MPs ready
>> for the outcry?
>>
>> The Disability News Service has been interviewing next week's
>> Paralympians, asking how they would manage without DLA. Their answers
>> were sharp: Aaron Phipps, the wheelchair rugby player, said "I'd be
>> completely lost without it", as his chair costs £1,700. David Clarke,
>> captain of the blind football team, said: "If a minister found himself
>> in the middle of a city with no one to help get a taxi, he would
>> probably appreciate his DLA." Table tennis star Sue Gilroy said she
>> would be "devastated", her life would be "impossible" without her
>> motability car and wheelchair. Nigel Murray, winner of two golds at
>> boccia, says DLA is essential, as does dressage rider Natasha Baker,
>> who relies on it for her petrol costs. Gold medallist Dame Tanni
>> Grey-Thompson made powerful speeches in the Lords against these cuts
>> in debates on the welfare reform bill, to no avail. So when you watch
>> and wonder at their performances, remember that they needed DLA to
>> help them get there.
>>
>> Disability Rights UK has an excellent new handbook, Doing Sport
>> Differently, promoting everyday sport. But the Paralympics may present
>> challenging imagery. Could the sight of vigorous and determined
>> athletes overcoming all odds to compete send an insidious message that
>> anyone in a wheelchair could do that, if only they tried harder? That
>> is the underlying implication behind work capability assessments that
>> currently find more than one-third of incapacity benefit claimants
>> "fit for work".
>>
>> The appeals system is gridlocked with a one year backlog. Employment
>> support allowance is cut while people wait, although 40% of appeals
>> succeed, costing £44m. Atos, conducting the tests, is sponsoring the
>> Games, which disabled campaigners regard as an even greater irony than
>> Coca-Cola and McDonald's sponsoring the Olympics.
>>
>> But it suits Atos's work: if these wheelchair users can do this, why
>> can't you? If paralysed Stephen Hawking can earn a good living, why
>> can't everyone else in his condition? Atos has just won the £400m
>> contract for the new tests of everyone on DLA, transferring them to
>> PIP. G4S was expected to win it as the firm conducted the early
>> trials, but are thought to have been dropped hastily as ministers saw
>> the looming Olympics fiasco. Atos's chief executive had a 22% pay rise
>> this year, which helps spur on the UK Uncut protesters, who from next
>> Friday will be barricading the company's London HQ in Triton Square
>> during the Paralympics. But Atos are only fulfilling government
>> orders.
>>
>> Here is a shocking figure revealed after a Mirror freedom of
>> information request: 1,100 disabled people died last year after they
>> were found "fit for work". Weighing up society's values, is the risk
>> of 1% cheating worse than the state wrongly harrassing so many of the
>> genuinely sick? For as long as there is sin, there will always be
>> cheats, always some families abusing a motability car: eternal
>> vigilance is a necessary part of any welfare system. But ministers at
>> the Department for Works and Pensions bear a heavy responsibility for
>> this unbalanced obsession, as they harden public opinion for next
>> April when the great disability benefit cull accelerates. Sometimes
>> their words are punitive, sometimes unctuous. Iain Duncan Smith and
>> Chris Grayling are about as enticing as the Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
>> child-catcher when they pretend their main mission is to help those
>> left stranded in dependency into a happier life in work. No doubt some
>> are helped, but the great majority feel cut without any realistic
>> chance of a job: the number in work on access to work grants fell by
>> 16% last year.
>>
>>
>> Disability Rights UK says there's a curious catch-22 in the new PIP
>> tests: anyone who can move themselves 50 metres unaided will lose the
>> payment, if they don't earn other points. That means anyone in an
>> electric wheelchair can lose it, because they can move unaided – but
>> when they lose the payment they lose the wheelchair too. (People are
>> warning one another to turn up at the test in a manual wheelchair.)
>> Here's another curiosity: an estimated 25,000 people will have to give
>> up work when they lose DLA and become immobile. Their DLA was worth
>> around £90m, but on average pay, they contribute £146.7m to the
>> Treasury. Out of work, they will get another £127.7m in benefits. Did
>> no one do the sums?
>>
>> Housing benefit (HB) cuts for the disabled will cost the state extra
>> too. Needing bigger space for wheelchairs, the National Housing
>> Federation estimates 108,000 will be judged to "under-occupy" their
>> "too-big" homes. Forced to move, they will leave behind expensive
>> adaptations and need the council to fit new ones in their new homes.
>> The money set aside to help doesn't cover half these cases. The state
>> will save £50m on their HB, but waste £500m on existing adaptations,
>> with more to spend on new fixtures – though as there is no more in the
>> disabled facility grant for adaptations, they will have to do without.
>>
>> Celebrate the Paralympians – but remember what they say they needed
>> from the state to get them there.
>> http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/aug/23/paralympians-state-help-disabled-benefits-cut
>>
>>
>> --
>> Avinash Shahi
>> MPhil Research Learner
>> Centre for the Study of Law and Governance
>> Jawaharlal Nehru University
>> New Delhi India
>>
>>
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