right. in that case, i really hope that i get to experience using this once in my lifetime. thank u a lot for your time and interaction.
On 11/6/13, Yogesh Chhabra <[email protected]> wrote: > well, you got a bit wrong, it does not creat images by pins or some > tectile displays, it sends electricle impulses through 4-pins device > lying on your tongue via low-voltage electricity. > > a blind woman sits in a chair holding a video camera focused on a > scientist sitting in front of her. She has a device in her mouth, > touching her tongue, and there are wires running from that device to > the video camera. The woman has been blind since birth and doesn't > really know what a rubber ball looks like, but the scientist is > holding one. And when he suddenly rolls it in her direction, she puts > out a hand to stop it. The blind woman saw the ball. Through her > tongue. > > Well, not exactly through her tongue, but the device in her mouth sent > visual input through her tongue in much the same way that seeing > individuals receive visual input through the eyes. In both cases, the > initial sensory input mechanism -- the tongue or the eyes -- sends the > visual data to the brain, where that data is processed and interpreted > to form images. What we're talking about here is electrotactile > stimulation for sensory augmentation or substitution, an area of study > that involves using encoded electric current to represent sensory > information -- information that a person cannot receive through the > traditional channel -- and applying that current to the skin, which > sends the information to the brain. The brain then learns to interpret > that sensory information as if it were being sent through the > traditional channel for such data. In the 1960s and '70s, this process > was the subject of ground-breaking research in sensory substitution at > the Smith-Kettlewell Institute led by Paul Bach-y-Rita, MD, Professor > of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and Biomedical Engineering at the > University of Wisconsin, Madison. Now it's the basis for Wicab's > BrainPort technology (Dr. Bach-y-Rita is also Chief Scientist and > Chairman of the Board of Wicab). > > sourse: > http://www.howstuffworks.com/brainport.htm > > On 11/6/13, Shireen Irani <[email protected]> wrote: >> ok ok now i get the confusion. if lighting up the visual cortex is >> what they r calling as seeing, then u might b aware, that even as >> blind people we can b extremely visual individuals. meaning that even >> when we hear something being read out, or some visual immage being >> described, it has been observed that the visual area of the brain does >> light up and trigger some activity. so in that sense, sure. it is >> getting activated. >> so this is what they r calling as seeing, because it is outside the >> body, and the tactile impulses r creating the same kind of vivid >> immagination. >> so that is what must b happening. >> >> an excelant way to really test out whether 1 is really 'seeing' or >> not, is to show some1 an object that 1 has never ever seen before, and >> has no idea of what it looks like. it can b as simple as some >> character in some other script or alphabet. in such a case, the blind >> person has no way of making a mental picture of the actuall immediate >> object in view. so such a situation will actually b able to tell us >> how much 1 is realy 'seeing' based on his discription of the object. >> does that make sense?? >> >> On 11/6/13, Yogesh Chhabra <[email protected]> wrote: >>> To produce tactile vision, BrainPort uses a camera to capture visual >>> data. The optical information -- light that would normally hit the >>> retina -- that the camera picks up is in digital form, and it uses >>> radio signals to send the ones and zeroes to the CPU for encoding. >>> Each set of pixels in the camera's light sensor corresponds to an >>> electrode in the array. The CPU runs a program that turns the camera's >>> electrical information into a spatially encoded signal. The encoded >>> signal represents differences in pixel data as differences in pulse >>> characteristics such as frequency, amplitude and duration. >>> Multidimensional image information takes the form of variances in >>> pulse current or voltage, pulse duration, intervals between pulses and >>> the number of pulses in a burst, among other parameters. According to >>> U.S. Patent 6,430,450, licensed to Wicab for the BrainPort >>> application: >>> >>> To the extent that a trained user may simultaneously distinguish >>> between multiple of these characteristics of amplitude, width and >>> frequency, the pulses may convey multidimensional information in much >>> the same way that the eye perceives color from the independent >>> stimulation of different color receptors. >>> The electrode array receives the resulting signal via the stimulation >>> circuitry and applies it to the tongue. The brain eventually learns to >>> interpret and use the information coming from the tongue as if it were >>> coming from the eyes. >>> >>> After training in laboratory tests, blind subjects were able to >>> perceive visual traits like looming, depth, perspective, size and >>> shape. The subjects could still feel the pulses on their tongue, but >>> they could also perceive images generated from those pulses by their >>> brain. The subjects perceived the objects as "out there" in front of >>> them, separate from their own bodies. They could perceive and identify >>> letters of the alphabet. In one case, when blind mountain climber Erik >>> Weihenmayer was testing out the device, he was able to locate his wife >>> in a forest. One of the most common questions at this point is, "Are >>> they really seeing?" That all depends on how you define vision. If >>> seeing means you can identify the letter "T" somewhere outside >>> yourself, sense when that "T" is getting larger, smaller, changing >>> orientation or moving farther away from your own body, then they're >>> really seeing. One study that conducted PET brain scans of >>> congenitally blind people while they were using the BrainPort vision >>> device found that after several sessions with BrainPort, the vision >>> centers of the subjects' brains lit up when visual information was >>> sent to the brain through the tongue. If "seeing" means there's >>> activity in the vision center of the cerebral cortex, then the blind >>> subjects are really seeing. >>> the bbc news of that mountain climer using brain port: >>> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-13358608 >>> >>> >>> >>> On 11/6/13, Shireen Irani <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> hmmm. quite fascinating. thanx for sharing this info. of course >>>> actuall understanding will only come with real time experience. >>>> if they're saying it works with most forms of visual impairment, then >>>> its surely something to look forward to. >>>> thank u both. >>>> >>>> On 11/6/13, Yogesh Chhabra <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>> The BrainPort V100 vision device consists of a base unit, a digital >>>>> video camera, and a postage-stamp-sized (3 cm by 3 cm) electrode array >>>>> -- worn in the mouth like a retainer -- placed on the top surface of >>>>> the tongue. >>>>> >>>>> The video camera collects visual information in the form of white, >>>>> black, and gray pixels. A processor in the base unit translates the >>>>> data into patterns of gentle electrical impulses that it sends to >>>>> electrode array on the tongue. >>>>> >>>>> Strong vibrations represent white pixels, medium-strength represent >>>>> gray, and no vibrations represent black pixels. Newer models have 400 >>>>> to 600 electrodes and deliver data at approximately 30 frames per >>>>> second for an information-rich image stream. >>>>> >>>>> Neuroscientist Dr. Paul Bach-y-Rita pioneered the concept of "sensory >>>>> substitution," BrainPort's underlying principal, in the late 1960s. >>>>> >>>>> Since it is the brain, and not the eye, that processes vision, >>>>> Bach-y-Rita proposed that visual perception (i.e. the electrical >>>>> impulses the brain interprets) could be delivered through a secondary >>>>> sense such as touch. >>>>> >>>>> BrainPort sends electrical impulses to the brain through nerves in the >>>>> tongue rather than the optic nerve. >>>>> >>>>> sourse: >>>>> http://assistivetechnology.about.com/od/ATCAT1/p/Brainport-V100-Vision-Device-Enables-Blind-To-See-Using-Their-Tongue.htm >>>>> >>>>> On 11/6/13, Shireen Irani <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>> oh really??? ok. i didn't know this. >>>>>> i thought they r tactile signals like some vibration or something on >>>>>> the tung. because that's what they have written. that its tactile. >>>>>> but then how does this become possible?? if the impulse is sent to >>>>>> the >>>>>> visual cortex, then again the optic nerve must be part of the >>>>>> comunication process. so dont know how that would work if the nerve >>>>>> is >>>>>> dead. because whatever path the impulse takes from the tung, it must, >>>>>> at some point, engage certain visual apparatus which ultimately helps >>>>>> the eyes actually see. >>>>>> so dont really understand the mechanism in that case. >>>>>> but i shall surely read up about this. because if that is true, then >>>>>> its damn fascinating. >>>>>> thanx. >>>>>> >>>>>> On 11/6/13, Yogesh Chhabra <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>> In brain port scenario, a camera picks up the image of the >>>>>>> surrounding, the information is processed by a chip which converts >>>>>>> it >>>>>>> into impulses which are sent through an electrode array, via the >>>>>>> tongue, to the person's brain. The human brain is able to interpret >>>>>>> these impulses as visual signals and they are then redirected to the >>>>>>> visual cortex, allowing the person to "see." In other words, a >>>>>>> person >>>>>>> can see exactly as it is in real. now, the question is, how far a >>>>>>> person can see? well, a powerful camera can (magnifying) glass can >>>>>>> send a very far sited area also as an impulse through this brain >>>>>>> port >>>>>>> device. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On 11/6/13, Shireen Irani <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>> while seeing with sound only provides auditory impulses, this >>>>>>>> brainport seems to use tactile electromagnetic means to pass on >>>>>>>> information. >>>>>>>> so in that sense, the sensory devices seem to use a brauder range >>>>>>>> of >>>>>>>> sensory input, other than just sound. so i guess that is the only >>>>>>>> difference. but in any case, they both use the same mechanism of >>>>>>>> intensity increse/ decrese, based on the distence between u and the >>>>>>>> object. whether its sound, touch, or whatever else. >>>>>>>> experienced users, please correct me if i'm wrong. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On 11/6/13, Asudani, Rajesh <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>> I think it has been shared, but I found this now, so sharing: >>>>>>>>> Wicab Press Release 3-19-2013.pdf >>>>>>>>> BrainPort Technologies Logo >>>>>>>>> Wicab Announces European Market Approval for its >>>>>>>>> Non-Invasive Assistive Aid for the Blind >>>>>>>>> Photo of woman wearing the BrainPort V100 device. >>>>>>>>> Middleton, WI, March 19, 2013- Wicab, Inc. >>>>>>>>> announced today that the BrainPort(r) V100 device >>>>>>>>> has been approved for sale in the European >>>>>>>>> Economic Area. The BrainPort V100 is a non-surgical, >>>>>>>>> non-invasive assistive aid which translates visual >>>>>>>>> images of the user's environment into electro-tactile >>>>>>>>> signals displayed on the user's tongue. With >>>>>>>>> supervised training, users learn to interpret the >>>>>>>>> electro-tactile signals to perceive shape, size, >>>>>>>>> location, and motion of surrounding objects. The >>>>>>>>> BrainPort V100 is intended for use as an electronic >>>>>>>>> assistive device for individuals who are profoundly >>>>>>>>> blind (light perception or no light perception). It is >>>>>>>>> specifically indicated for use as an aid in orientation, >>>>>>>>> mobility, object recognition, and spot reading. The device is >>>>>>>>> limited >>>>>>>>> to >>>>>>>>> investigational use in the >>>>>>>>> United States. >>>>>>>>> Robert Beckman, Wicab CEO, indicated the BrainPort V100 will >>>>>>>>> initially >>>>>>>>> be >>>>>>>>> available in Germany, >>>>>>>>> the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Italy. The company plans to >>>>>>>>> establish >>>>>>>>> a >>>>>>>>> demonstration program >>>>>>>>> so that prospective customers can try the device for up to several >>>>>>>>> days >>>>>>>>> at >>>>>>>>> a >>>>>>>>> nominal cost, with no >>>>>>>>> obligation to purchase the device. Wicab is simultaneously seeking >>>>>>>>> philanthropic partners to help >>>>>>>>> make this technology available to potential users that otherwise >>>>>>>>> cannot >>>>>>>>> afford to purchase the >>>>>>>>> device. >>>>>>>>> "After over 15 years of research at Wicab, we are very excited to >>>>>>>>> be >>>>>>>>> able >>>>>>>>> to >>>>>>>>> introduce the >>>>>>>>> BrainPort V100 to the general public in the European Economic >>>>>>>>> Area," >>>>>>>>> stated >>>>>>>>> Mr. Beckman. The >>>>>>>>> technology behind the BrainPort V100 was first developed by the >>>>>>>>> late >>>>>>>>> Dr. >>>>>>>>> Paul Bach-y-Rita, >>>>>>>>> Wicab's co-founder and former University of Wisconsin-Madison >>>>>>>>> professor, >>>>>>>>> who >>>>>>>>> is widely known >>>>>>>>> for his work related to brain plasticity and sensory substitution. >>>>>>>>> "Potential advantages of the >>>>>>>>> BrainPort V100 are that it can be used regardless of the cause or >>>>>>>>> duration >>>>>>>>> of blindness, and does >>>>>>>>> not require an intact optic nerve in order to function," explains >>>>>>>>> Mr. >>>>>>>>> Beckman, "Individuals blinded >>>>>>>>> by congenital and acquired causes may use the BrainPort V100". >>>>>>>>> According to Mr. Beckman, "another potential advantage is its >>>>>>>>> simplicity. >>>>>>>>> Our non-surgical solution >>>>>>>>> allows users to save their eyes, in case future developments in >>>>>>>>> stem >>>>>>>>> cell >>>>>>>>> research offer better >>>>>>>>> alternatives for people who are totally blind." >>>>>>>>> Additional information related to Wicab, Inc. and the BrainPort >>>>>>>>> V100 >>>>>>>>> device >>>>>>>>> can be found on the >>>>>>>>> company website, www.wicab.com. Any specific questions related to >>>>>>>>> sales >>>>>>>>> or >>>>>>>>> distribution of the >>>>>>>>> device should be directed via email to >>>>>>>>> [email protected] >>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>> Wicab, Inc. is a Wisconsin-based medical device company dedicated >>>>>>>>> to >>>>>>>>> providing innovative >>>>>>>>> assistive devices for the blind based on sensory substitution >>>>>>>>> technology >>>>>>>>> originally developed by Dr. >>>>>>>>> Paul Bach-y-Rita at the University of Wisconsin. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> With thanks and regards >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> (Rajesh Asudani) >>>>>>>>> Assistant General Manager >>>>>>>>> Reserve Bank of India >>>>>>>>> Nagpur >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> (In youth you want things, and then in middle-age you want to want >>>>>>>>> them.) >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> ________________________________ >>>>>>>>> Caution: The Reserve Bank of India never sends mails, smses or >>>>>>>>> makes >>>>>>>>> calls >>>>>>>>> asking for personal information like your bank account details, >>>>>>>>> passwords, >>>>>>>>> etc. It never keeps or offers funds to anyone. 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AI cannot be held liable for any commission/omission based on the mails sent through this mailing list..
