Basil A. Daoust <> wrote:
> Thanks Bill, I'm not sure that answered my question, but it kind of
> did. 
> 
> Why does $hashref->{attributes}{charset} and
> $hashref->{attributes}->{charset} work and this fails
> $hashref{attributes}{charset}?

The clue is in the error message that you get because you have 'use
strict;' at the top of all of your code. Something like:

Global symbol "%hashref" requires explicit package name at...

To permit $hashref{attributes} to be a shorthand for
$hashref->{attributes} would be ambiguous, as it already means look up a
key in hash %hashref. The expressions $hashref->{attributes}{charset}
and $hashref->{attributes}->{charset} are not ambiguous because the
result of $hashref->{attributes} (or indeed $hashref{attributes} if
%hashref exists) can only be a scalar, in this case a hash ref.
Personally I always use the '->' so that I don't have to remember where
it can be omitted.

HTH

-- 
Brian Raven 

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