> We also know from 35 years of experience (beginning with Cyc) that logic
based knowledge representation is not a path to AGI

I'm begging to differ! But then you already know that I do, I guess :-)

On Mon, 30 Sep 2019 at 23:47, Matt Mahoney <[email protected]> wrote:

> Boolean logic is a subset of neural networks. A single neuron can
> implement any logic gate. Assume the output is clamped between 0 and 1.
>
> A and B = A + B - 1.
> A or B = A + B.
> Not A = -A + 1.
>
> But first order logic is not so simple. We also know from 35 years of
> experience (beginning with Cyc) that logic based knowledge representation
> is not a path to AGI, in spite of what seems to be a straightforward
> approach not requiring a lot of computing power.
>
> I hope you understand why this is the case. You can't train logic models.
> Language evolved to be learnable on slow, massively parallel networks.
> Semantics comes before grammar. If you want to know what works, study text
> compression.
>
> On Mon, Sep 30, 2019, 8:13 AM YKY (Yan King Yin, 甄景贤) <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>> On 9/27/19, Steve Richfield <[email protected]> wrote:
>> > YKY,
>> >
>> > The most basic function of neurons is process control. That is where
>> > evolution started - and continues. We are clearly an adaptive control
>> > system. Unfortunately, there has been little study of the underlying
>> > optimal "logic" of adaptive control systems.
>> >
>> > I strongly believe that a different sort of "logic" is at work, and that
>> > what we call "intelligence" is simply a larger adaptive control system
>> > working according to that "logic". We are clearly more intelligent than
>> > ants, but that is more quantatative than qualitative.
>> >
>> > Learning logic seems like a good idea, but you might want to reconsider
>> the
>> > logic you are learning.
>> >
>> > Steve
>>
>>
>> Thanks for the comment.  It is a very common objection indeed, and also
>> has some good reasons behind it.
>>
>> From cognitive psychology most people tend to believe that the brain uses
>> *model-based* reasoning instead of *rules-based* reasoning.  We don't
>> fully understand the brain's mechanism, but we may guess at some general
>> principles.  I think the brain uses some sort of neural representations,
>> which are composed of neural "*features*", ie, certain patterns of
>> neurons' activations.
>>
>> Each neuron is either ON or OFF or may be regarded to activate with a
>> fuzzy truth value.  Thus we can view each neural feature as a "micro" *logic
>> proposition*.  That creates a rough correspondence between neural
>> representations and logic representations.
>>
>> Indeed, it is not so surprising, as we can express our thoughts into
>> natural language with relative ease, and natural language has the structure
>> of logic propositions.
>>
>> For example, the visual cortex can recognize images such as "cat" and
>> "dog".  Through a dynamical process, it recognizes the situation of "cat
>> chases dog".  This is likely represented by a juxtaposition of "cat",
>> "chase", "dog" neural features.  This is very similar to the
>> *predicate-logic* expression:  chase(cat, dog).
>>
>> So there may not be a huge gap between neural and logical
>> representations.  The next question is:  How does the brain jump from one
>> neural representation state to the next?  In logic, this is achieved via 
>> *rules
>> with variables and quantifiers*.
>>
>> At this point I am not so sure if the brain's mechanism is really similar
>> to the logical mechanism.  That's why I think you raised a good question,
>> and I still don't have a good answer 😊 , but it is a good place to start
>> thinking.
>>
>> So I assume the brain jumps from one neural representation to the next,
>> and that such neural states are formed via juxtaposition of "*concepts*"
>> (which are some neural activation patterns).  One way that this may be
>> different from logic rules is that the neural representations can be
>> "distributive".
>>
>> I need to think about this more, but there may exist a rough
>> correspondence between logic rules and neural state-transitions.
>>
>>
>> *Artificial General Intelligence List <https://agi.topicbox.com/latest>*
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-- 
Stefan Reich
BotCompany.de // Java-based operating systems

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