This paper has a similar problem with Tonini's in that it tries to relate
consciousness to a mathematical concept without giving a definition of
consciousness that would allow for a proof. Tonini also did not give a
consistent definition of integrated information either, but I am not
familiar enough with Segal category theory to tell if there is the same
problem with Gauthier's paper. Tonini at least offers some motivation for
his theory, but it is not clear to me how consciousness relates to
thickened cone towers.

Gauthier states at the end of the paper that consciousness is not possible
without free will, which seems reasonable to me. He defines free will as
acting spontaneously rather than deterministically. Then he concludes from
his theory that it makes no difference whether things are deterministic or
not (which I agree with). Thus, his theory undermines the very existence of
consciousness.

I agree but for a different reason. It is not possible in general to tell
if an agent is deterministic or random, as proved by Kolmogorov. An agent
making decisions based on the output of an iterated cryptographic hash
function like SHA-256 with a secret key would appear to be random as far as
you could tell.

Consciousness (type 2, inner self awareness) and free will still require
explanations. The only evidence we have for their existence is our own
feelings. Feelings come from neurons firing. We feel good about thinking
and doing things because it motivates us to not lose those feelings by
dying. This results in more offspring.

Our illusion of free will comes from our tendency to rationalize our
deterministic actions, to find reasons for doing what we did and ignore
reasons why we should have done differently. Our actions seem to be random
because, by Wolpert's law, you cannot always predict your own actions.
Otherwise you could do the opposite of your predictions.

-- Matt Mahoney, [email protected]

On Sat, Feb 14, 2026, 10:09 AM John Rose via AGI <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Argues for both utilizing categories, which is a trend,
>
> "...consciousness as we understand it appears as a particular filter on
> pure consciousness."
> ...
> "We argue there is actually no contradiction in having this picture in
> mind, and that we can actually have both concepts coexisting."
>
> https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06192
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