I've been using OpenCyc as the standard ontology for my texai project. OpenCyc
contains only the very few rules needed to enable the OpenCyc deductive
inference engine operate on its OpenCyc content. On the other hand
ResearchCyc, whose licenses are available without fees for research purposes,
has a large number of rules. I have a license and can state that my copy of
RCyc has 55,794 rules out of a total of 2,689,421 non-bookkeeping assertions.
Nearly all of these rules were entered by hand at Cycorp. Here are five at
random with my comments to give you a feel for what RCyc contains:
[this is a typical temporal relations rule]
(#$implies
(#$and
(#$startingIntervalOfThing ?TEMP-THING ?TIME-INTERVAL)
(#$startingPoint ?TEMP-THING ?TIME-POINT))
(#$endsAfterStartingOf ?TIME-INTERVAL ?TIME-POINT))
in context: #$CycTemporalTheoryMt [the Cyc term suffix Mt means microtheory
(context)]
[this is a typical spatial relations rule]
(#$implies
(#$and
(#$isa ?UNIVERSE #$UniversalSpaceRegion)
(#$partOfSpaceRegion ?REGION ?UNIVERSE)
(#$spaceRegionDifference ?COMPLEMENT ?UNIVERSE ?REGION))
(#$spaceRegionComplement ?COMPLEMENT ?REGION))
in context: #$SpatialGMt
[this is a rather specialized rule that helps define the predicate
#$eventCasualtyDataSentence]
(#$implies
(#$and
(#$isa ?PRED #$CasualtyPredicate)
(#$assertedSentence (#$relationInstanceExists ?PRED ?SUBEVENT ?COL))
(#$different ?EVENT ?SUBEVENT)
(#$subEvents ?EVENT ?SUBEVENT))
(#$eventCasualtyDataSentence ?EVENT
(#$and
(#$subEvents ?EVENT ?SUBEVENT)
(#$relationInstanceExists ?PRED ?SUBEVENT ?COL))))
in context: #$BaseKB [this is a general domain context from which almost all
other contexts inherit facts and rules]
[this is a typical rule in the naive physics domain]
(#$implies
(#$and
(#$isa ?HOLDING #$HoldingAnObject)
(#$doneBy ?HOLDING ?AGENT)
(#$objectActedOn ?HOLDING ?OBJ))
(#$holdsIn ?HOLDING (#$touches ?AGENT ?OBJ)))
in context: #$NaivePhysicsMt
[This is a rule to guide a Cyc knowledge acquisition tool. Note that this rule
represents a form of probability not seen in the other rules.]
(#$implies
(#$genls ?COL #$EnclosingSomething)
(#$keCommonQueryForTerm ?COL (#$relationAllExists #$enclosure ?COL :WHAT)))
in context: #$BaseKB
Cheers.
-Steve
http://sf.net/projects/texai
----- Original Message ----
From: YKY (Yan King Yin) <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [email protected]
Sent: Friday, January 19, 2007 8:48:33 AM
Subject: Re: [agi] Project proposal: MindPixel 2
On 1/19/07, Benjamin Goertzel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Well YKY, I don't feel like rehashing these ancient arguments on this list!!
>
> Others are welcome to do so, if they wish... ;-)
>
> You are welcome to repeat the mistakes of the past if you like, but I
> frankly consider it a waste of effort.
>
> What you have not explained is how what you are doing is fundamentally
> different from what has been tried N times in the past -- by larger,
> better-funded teams with more expertise in mathematical logic...
Well I think people gave up on logic-based AI (GOFAI if you will) in the 80s
because of newer techniques such as neural networks and statistical learning
methods. They were not necessarily aware of what exactly was the cause of
failure. If they did, they would have tackled it.
For the type of common sense reasoner I described, we need a *massive* number
of rules. You can either acquire these rule via machine learning or direct
encoding. Machine learning of such rules is possible, but the area of research
is kind of immature. OTOH there has not been a massive project to collect such
rules by hand. So that explains why my type of system has not been tried
before.
My system is conceptually very close to Cyc, but the difference is that Cyc
only contains ground facts and rely on special predicates (eg $isa, $genl) to
do the reasoning. My project may be the first to openly collect facts as well
as rules.
I guess Novamente or NARS can benefit by importing these rules, if the format
is right?
YKY
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