[ Not sure if this should be asked here or on the OpenCog list... tell
me which one is more appropriate ]

I think it will be very helpful and illuminating to some of us here
(including myself) who are more familar with FOL than PLN, to give a
1-1 correspondence (either exact or approximate) between the two
formalisms.

Here are some examples in FOL:

"Mary is female"
    female(mary)

This is a [production] "rule":  (not to be confused with an inference rule)
"A female child is called a daughter"
    daughter(X) <- child(X) & female(X)
where universal quantification is assumed.

Another rule:
"there exists a parent for every child"
    forall X exists Y,  child(X) -> parent(Y,X)

This is a ground fact involving a function symbol:
"Mary's mother is female"
    female(mother(mary))

A rule involving a function symbol:
"All mothers are female"
    forall X, female(mother(X))

"a person is either male or female"
    forall X,  male(X) V female(X)

[ Ben -- I guess you're in Japan now, so maybe you or someone else
working on OpenCog can answer this ]
Thanks in advance!

*** bonus question ***
Can you give an example of something expressed in PLN that is very
hard or impossible to express in FOL?

YKY


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agi
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