Mike, after a sequence of free associations, you drift from the original 
domain. How is that incompatible with the model I described? I use A, B, C, as 
variables to represent arbitrary thoughts.

-- Matt Mahoney, [email protected]

--- On Fri, 1/9/09, Mike Tintner <[email protected]> wrote:
From: Mike Tintner <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [agi] The Smushaby of Flatway.
To: [email protected]
Date: Friday, January 9, 2009, 10:08 AM


I
 
 
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Matt,
 
I mainly want to lay down a marker here for a 
future discussion.
 
What you have done  is what all AGI-ers/AI-ers 
do. Faced with the problem of domain-switching - (I pointed out that the human 
brain and human thought are * freely domain-switching*), -  you 
have simply ignored it - and, I imagine, are completely unaware that you have 
done so. And this, remember, is *the* problem of AGI - what should be 
the central focus of all discussion here.
 
If you look at your examples, you will find that 
they are all *intra-domain* and do not address domain-switching at all 
-
 
a. "if you learned the associations A-B and B-C, then A will predict C. 

> That is called "reasoning"
 
b) a word-word 
matrix M from a large text corpus, ..gives you something similar to 
> 
your free association chain like rain-wet-water-...
 
No domain-switching there.
 
Compare these 
with my 
 
b) 
domain-switching chain -"COW" - DOG - TAIL - CURRENT CRISIS - LOCAL 
VS
>> GLOBAL
>> THINKING - WHAT A NICE DAY - MUST GET ON- CANT 
SPEND MUCH
>> MORE TIME ON
>> 
THIS...."    
 
 (switching between the domains of - Animals - Politics/Economics - 
Weather - Personal Timetable)
 
a) your 
(extremely limited) idea of (logical) reasoning is also entirely 
intra-domain - the domain of the Alphabet,   
(A-B-C). 
 
But my creative 
and similar creative chains are analogous  to switching from say 
an Alphabet domain (A-B-C) to a Foreign Languages domain (alpha - omega)  
to a Semiotics one (symbol - sign - representation) to a Fonts one (Courier - 
Times Roman) etc. etc.  - i.e. we could all easily and spontaneously form 
such a domain-switching chain.
 
Your programs 
and all the programs ever written are still incapable of doing this - switching 
domains. This, it bears repeating, is the problem of 
AGI. 
 
Because you're 
ignoring it, you don't see that you're in effect maintaining an absurdity - 
which is that the human brain cannot deliberately form new, surprising domain 
connections and comparisons. Everything according to you stems from memory 
recall/ previous associations (and presumably, chance, random 
new connections ).
 
Complete 
nonsense.
 
It leads me to 
elaborate my claim - not only is the brain freely - it is *infinitely 
domain-switching*  (or "practically endlessly").
 
To demonstrate this, we can focus on "directed free 
association" .as opposed to my undirected,chain above.  Instead of just 
rambling, try focussing on a single idea, and 
keep associating anew with it.
 
So I start with ANIMALS.  And freely 
associating, I get GAZA - TAILS - DISEASE - CARTOONS - FEET - OXYGEN - EYES - 
NOSE - AFGHANISTAN - DESERT - MARS . And if you'll try it, you'll find that 
I and you can go on for ever, forming a great many altogether *new* and even 
surprising domain connections with a single idea. (If the brain can switch 
domains infinitely, it can obviously do this). [Explanation for connecton with 
AFGHANISTAN ("what animals are there?) - DESERT ("not many animals there?) - 
MARS ("no animals there?")].
 
Your programs can't do this precisely because they 
are confined to single domains and single databases - and even if they start 
searching the net, they are still confined by single-domain 
*rules-of-connection/association*. But the human brain is not. It can freely 
associate with "rules" and even "modes of reasoning." or "modes of association" 
too - and produce infinite forms of reasoning (by contrast with your limited 
conceptions here).
 
Note by the way that we can turn the above into 
"problem-directed free association" - start say with THE PROBLEM OF GAZA - and 
freely associate endless domain aspects of the problem,  and endless domain 
types of solution - and come up with at least technically new 
solutions.  (Buzan's mindmaps basically depend on this). And now we 
have a vital and *practical* form of human reasoning, not just a relatively 
idle 
one  - and one that is utterly beyond the extremely narrow confines of the 
logic and mathematics that you can only envisage.
 
So it's worth examining and trying to explain this 
human capacity of free association, free/infinite domain-switching, because you 
have neither any way of explaining it, nor of reproducing it.
 
But, if you're not prepared to step outside your 
normal logicomathematical ruts -  note that you couldn't even be bothered 
to take a few seconds to form and analyse your own chain of association - then, 
I suggest you'll never make any AGI progress. 
 
P.S. One important reason for the brain's 
capacity to infinitely switch domains is that, in the real world, "everything 
connects" - or at any rate all things have an unlimited number of features and 
dimensions in common. But the computers that you envisage, being connected only 
to logical databses with highly limited associativity and unconnected to the 
real world, have no way of seeing and otherwise sensing this - or of "having a 
fresh look" at things.. 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
Matt/Mike,
>
> Your own thought processes only seem mysterious 
because you can't predict 
> what you will think without actually thinking 
it. It's not just a property 
> of the human brain, but of all Turing 
machines. No program can 
> non-trivially model itself. (By model, I mean 
that P models Q if for any 
> input x, P can compute the output Q(x). By 
non-trivial, I mean that P does 
> something else besides just model Q. 
(Every program trivially models 
> itself). The proof is that for P to 
non-trivially model Q requires K(P) > 
> K(Q), where K is Kolmogorov 
complexity, because P needs a description of Q 
> plus whatever else it 
does to make it non-trivial. It is obviously not 
> possible for K(P) > 
K(P)).
>
> So if you learned the associations A-B and B-C, then A 
will predict C. 
> That is called "reasoning".
>
> Also, each 
concept is associated with thousands of other concepts, not 
> just A-B. 
If you pick the strongest associated concept not previously 
> activated, 
you get the semi-random thought chain you describe. You can 
> demonstrate 
this with a word-word matrix M from a large text corpus, where 
> M[i,j] 
is the degree to which the i'th word in the vocabulary is 
> associated 
with the j'th word, as measured by the probability of finding 
> both 
words near each other in the corpus. Thus, M[rain,wet] and 
> M[wet,water] 
have high values because the words often appear in the same 
> paragraph. 
Traversing related words in M gives you something similar to 
> your free 
association chain like rain-wet-water-...
>
> -- Matt Mahoney, [email protected]
>
>
> --- On 
Thu, 1/8/09, Mike Tintner <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>> 
From: Mike Tintner <[email protected]>
>> Subject: Re: 
[agi] The Smushaby of Flatway.
>> To: [email protected]
>> Date: Thursday, January 
8, 2009, 3:54 PM
>> Matt:Free association is the basic way of 
recalling
>> memories. If you experience A followed by B, then the 
next
>> time you experience A you will think of (or predict) 
B.
>> Pavlov demonstrated this type of learning in animals 
in
>> 1927.
>>
>> Matt,
>>
>> 
You're not thinking your argument through. Look
>> carefully at my 
spontaneous
>>
>> "COW" - DOG - TAIL - CURRENT CRISIS - LOCAL 
VS
>> GLOBAL
>> THINKING - WHAT A NICE DAY - MUST GET ON- CANT 
SPEND MUCH
>> MORE TIME ON
>> THIS...." etc. 
etc"
>>
>> that's not A-B association.
>>
>> 
That's 1. A-B-C  then  2. Gamma-Delta then  3.
>> 
Languages  then  4. Number of Lines in 
Letters.
>>
>> IOW the brain is typically not only freely 
associating
>> *ideas* but switching freely across, and 
connecting,
>> radically different *domains* in any given chain 
of
>> association. [e.g above from Animals to 
Economics/Politics
>> to Weather to Personal 
Timetable]
>>
>> It can do this partly 
because
>>
>> a) single ideas have multiple, often massively 
mutiple,
>> idea/domain connections in the human brain, and allow one 
to
>> go off in any of multiple tangents/directions
>> b) 
humans have many things - and therefore multiple domains
>> - on their 
mind at the same time concurrently  - and can
>> switch as above 
from the immediate subject to  some other
>> pressing 
subject  domain (e.g. from economics/politics
>> (local vs global) 
to the weather (what a nice day).
>>
>> If your "A-B, 
everything-is-memory-recall" thesis
>> were true, our 
chains-of-thought-association would be
>> largely repetitive, and the 
domain switches inevitable..
>>
>> In fact, our chains (or 
networks) of free association and
>> domain-switching are highly 
creative, and each one is
>> typically, from a purely technical POV, 
novel and
>> surprising. (I have never connected TAIL and CURRENT 
CRISIS
>> before - though Animals and Politics yes. Nor have 
I
>> connected LOCAL VS GLOBAL THINKING before with WHAT A 
NICE
>> DAY and the weather).
>>
>> IOW I'm 
suggesting, the natural mode of human thought -
>> and our continuous 
streams of association - are creative.
>> And achieving such creativity 
is the principal problem/goal
>> of AGI.
>>
>> So 
maybe it's worth taking 20 secs. of time - producing
>> your own 
chain-of-free-association starting say with
>> "MAHONEY"  and 
going on for another 10 or so items
>> -  and trying to figure out 
how the result could.possibly be
>> the  narrow kind of 
memory-recall you're arguing for.
>> It's an awful lot to ask for, but 
could you possibly try
>> it, analyse it and report 
back?
>>
>> [Ben claims to have heard every type of argument I 
make
>> before,  (somewhat like your A-B memory claim), so 
perhaps
>> he can tell me where he's read before about the 
Freely
>> Associative, Freely Domain Switching nature of human 
thought
>> - I'd be interested to follow up on 
it].
>




  
    
      
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