Dear Colleagues

I would greatly appreciate it if someone could shed some light on the following issue:

For a nonstationary random function, variogram is defined as:

2*\gamma(x,x')=VAR[Y(x)-m(x)-Y(x')+m(x')]

If one simplifies the right hand side, the whole equation becomes:

2*\gamma(x,x')=R(x,x)+R(x',x')-2*R(x,x')

In a number of textbook, relation between covariance and variogram is written as:

2*\gamma(x,x')=R(x,x)+R(x',x')-2*R(x,x')+[m(x)-m(x')]^2

Am I missing something from this mathematical manipulation?

Thanks
Abedini
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