This problem was a sub-part of one of the Google Codejam problems this
year.

We have three circles, with radii and centers and we need to find the
center and radius of the circle that has the minimum radius and
encloses all these three circles.

The first step can be to subtract the radius of the smallest circle
from the radii of all the other circles. This will not alter the
center of the resultant circle, we will just have to add the radius of
the smallest circle back to our answer.

Now from here, what would be the best algorithm to calculate the
required center and radius?

the solution given there says:
"We can subtract from the radius of each of the three plants the
radius of the smallest plant, then compute an inversion about that
plant's center. Then we find appropriate tangents to the two inverted
plants, re-invert to find the corresponding circle, and add back the
radius of the smallest plant."

What exactly is "an inversion about that plant's center"?

We can also discuss a different algorithm here that does the job!

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