Sebastian Kiesel wrote: >> Numerous studies have reported the existence of triangle inequality >> violations (TIV) in the Internet delay space??for about10%-30%??. It has >> been proved to be a stable phenomenon in the Internet, and it is due >> to the flaw of IP routing protocol. Since it is impossible to modify >> the existing IP protocol, using QoS relay will be a complement to IP >> routing. > > Do you have more information (e.g., references to papers/studies) about > the true reasons for TIV? Are they due to > > 1) Non-technical, deliberate decisions of the network operators (e.g., > no business case for upgrading a line)? > > 2) Technical limitations of the IP routing protocols (BGP, OSPF, etc.)? > > 3) Technical limitations of the IP protocol itself (IPv4)? > > or ... > > Maybe also some people working for an operator can comment on this?
As far as I can tell, TIVs are intrinsically related to the very nature of the Internet -- path asymmetry, route load balancing and so on -- and at the end of they could be hardly considered a problem. However, problem or non-problem, they entirely belong to the routing layer and addressing them at the application level makes to me for a perfect example of layer violation. -- Ciao, Enrico
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