There are stories about how these impedances (50 and 75 ohms) were selected - 
everything from high science, to the particular
copper tubing sizes that happened to be available to the experimenters.

Someone said that real coaxial line designs have an optimum impedance somewhere 
around 50 to 75 ohms, that produces a cable with
minimum-loss, based on real conductor material, etc.  I can't vouch for that, 
but it may explain why we usually don't see
1000-ohm coax cable.

A typical ham half-wave dipole will really be about 50 ohms impedance, because 
it is fairly close to the earth.  But put it up
above 1/4 wavelength high, and it might be 100 ohms.

  Bacon, WA3WDR
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