Nothing heard on the 7 AM EDT 65 degree pass over Orlando. On Apr 12, 2011, at 2:51 AM, [email protected] wrote:
> Send AMSAT-BB mailing list submissions to > [email protected] > > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit > http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to > [email protected] > > You can reach the person managing the list at > [email protected] > > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific > than "Re: Contents of AMSAT-BB digest..." > > > Today's Topics: > > 1. Re: The Need for Phonetics (Jim Shorney) > 2. ARISsat-1 not heard (John Heath) > 3. ARISSat-1 update (Gould Smith) > 4. Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC (Joe Fitzgerald) > 5. Arissat still silent (P. Pakr) > 6. Nothing Heard in VK of ARISSat-1 (Colin Hurst) > 7. Nice view of ISS ... (Viktor Kudielka) > 8. Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC (Phil Karn) > 9. Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC (KF1BUZ) > 10. Nothing Heard 2M ARISSat-1 9:32PM PDT (Clint Bradford) > 11. Just an hour from now ... (Clint Bradford) > 12. R50KEDR Heard on 14.190 (John Heath) > 13. ARISSat-1 No Signal (John Spasojevich) > 14. Re: ARISSat-1 No Signal (KF1BUZ) > 15. Nothing here either: 0606z pass over California (Greg D.) > 16. Nothing Heard From ARISSat-1 In DO33 (B J) > 17. Not Heard 1106 PM PDT (Clint Bradford) > 18. satellite average elevation (Bob- W7LRD) > 19. Nothing heard over Nashville 0610 (Alan P. Biddle) > 20. Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC (Phil Karn) > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Message: 1 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 19:03:22 -0500 > From: "Jim Shorney" <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: The Need for Phonetics > To: "amsat-bb" <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" > > On Mon, 11 Apr 2011 14:17:49 -0700, Jeff Moore wrote: > >> <== Could it be that they understand the quicksand you're standing on? > > > No. We know from long experience (35+ years in my case) that Glen is right. > > 73 > > -Jim > > > -- > Ham Radio NU0C > Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.S.A. > TR7/RV7/R7A/L7, TR6/RV6, T4XC/R4C/L4B, NCL2000, SB104A, R390A, GT550A/RV550A, > HyGain 3750, IBM PS/2 - all vintage, all the time! > > "Give a man a URL, and he will learn for an hour; teach him to Google, and he > will learn for a lifetime." > > HyGain 3750 User's Group - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/HyGain_3750/ > http://incolor.inetnebr.com/jshorney > http://www.nebraskaghosts.org > > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 2 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 01:22:39 +0100 (BST) > From: John Heath <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] ARISsat-1 not heard > To: Amsat <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 > > 0107? AOS pass in range UK - nothing heard on 145.950 > > 73 john g7hia > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 3 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 20:35:42 -0400 > From: "Gould Smith" <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] ARISSat-1 update > To: <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <0EE1E8CB77EF40158B1BCB10C560994B@GouldMainPC> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" > > As Armando, N8IGJ noted in his earlier email, NASA as published an update of > today's activities ( it can be found at > :http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/reports/iss_reports/index.html) > .Contained this document is a section about ARISSat > > Dmitri performed hardware setup and test activation of the TEKh-43 > Radioskaf-B "Kedr" microsatellite in the MRM2 Poisk module, connecting it to > an 825M3 Orlan battery and checking out its 430 MHz transmitter from the > satellite control panel. [The small satellite was named Kedr in honor of the > call sign of Yuri Gagarin. It will be activated onboard the station tomorrow, > April 12, i.e., Cosmonautics Day, when the world celebrates the anniversaries > of the first human flight into space and the first Space Shuttle flight. > Development, manufacturing and launch of Kedr is the first phase in Russia's > integrated program approved by UNESCO, with the goal to create and operate > mini-satellites with a mass less than 100 kg by combined efforts of students > across the world. Once Kedr is activated, it will transmit 25 greetings in 15 > languages, pictures of Earth, and telemetry data from science hardware and > support systems, as well as historical audio recordings. 50 years after > Gagarin's ! fl! > ight all ham radio operators across the world thus will have a unique > opportunity to hear the famous "Poyekhali" (Let's Go!) from Earth orbit.] > > Some clarifications: > ARISSat-1, RadioSkaf-V, RadioSkaf-B, Kedr are all names for the same > satellite. > It is doubtful that the satellite will transmit pictures of earth as it is > inside the ISS. > ARISSat-1 only transmits on 2M. The ARISS team has arranged for the TM-D700 > transceiver aboard the ISS to also transmit the ARISSat signals on 437.55 MHz. > There are 24 different messages that will transmit in a sequence, one of > which is the Gagarin-ground station conversation. > The crew operates on UTC time and sleeps from 2130Z - 0600Z usually so > probably no activity until after 0600Z > The 12 April schedule found at > http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/534825main_041211_tl.pdf doesn't specifically list > an activity to turn on ARISsat-1 > Keep listening, we'll let you know more as we know more. > > 73, > Gould, WA4SXM > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 4 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 20:47:28 -0400 > From: Joe Fitzgerald <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC > To: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed > > On 4/11/2011 1:44 PM, Phil Karn wrote: >> Since it's already connected to the station antenna, it sure would be nice >> if they could just plug it directly into the ISS power supply, switch it on >> full duty cycle, and just *leave* it for a couple of, oh, years. > > Phil, > > I am curious to see how your BPSK1000 fares on a rapidly tumbling > platform. Let's hope ISS doesn't start tumbling more than once per orbit! > > If you do convince them to leave the ISS powered up on board ISS, we > could evaluate rapit deep fades in the channel by putting middle school > students in charge of holding an arrow antenna. > > -Joe KM1P > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 5 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 01:02:59 +0200 > From: "P. Pakr" <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Arissat still silent > To: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain ; charset="UTF-8" > > Next pass over Czech, nothing heard here :-( > 73! Petr > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 6 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 10:52:47 +0930 > From: "Colin Hurst" <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Nothing Heard in VK of ARISSat-1 > To: "amsat-bb" <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <C8B6CE92B219472DBF5394B1577A6723@Athlon> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" > > Had a nice pass at 0045utc 12/4/2011, 67 degrees elevation. > No signals heard. > 73 > Colin VK5HI > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 7 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 03:39:11 +0000 > From: Viktor Kudielka <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Nice view of ISS ... > To: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii > > ... over Vienna at 03:25UTC with 47 degrees elevation. > Automatic antenna tracking seems to be nearly perfect, > but no signal ? > The CW decoder of ARISSatTLM produced a random string of > characters including ...HIHI... > 73, Viktor OE1VKW > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 8 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 20:58:54 -0700 > From: Phil Karn <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC > To: Joe Fitzgerald <[email protected]> > Cc: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 > > On Mon, Apr 11, 2011 at 5:47 PM, Joe Fitzgerald > <[email protected]>wrote: > >> >> I am curious to see how your BPSK1000 fares on a rapidly tumbling >> platform. Let's hope ISS doesn't start tumbling more than once per orbit! >> > > It's a pretty sensitive mode, but it still won't work with a zero-watt > transmitter. > > >> >> If you do convince them to leave the ISS powered up on board ISS, we >> could evaluate rapit deep fades in the channel by putting middle school >> students in charge of holding an arrow antenna. >> >> > My concern is that the on/off cycling won't play well with my convolutional > interleaver. It takes 16.384 seconds to fill the interleaver at AOS. You > might get decoded data up to 8 seconds earlier than that if what you do get > is very clean, but there's little margin for additional error correction. > > And when the transmitter switches off, the interleaver will drain over > 16.384 seconds as it fills with noise. If the signal in the last 16.384 > seconds before switch-off is unusually strong, you may be able to decode > data up to 8 seconds before LOS. But anywhere from 8 to 16 seconds will be > chopped off *each end* of each already very short 40-60 second > transmission. > > I designed this signal to deal well with occasional deep fades lasting up to > 1-1.5 seconds -- not for total "fades" lasting 2 minutes at a time. Had I > known that this "emergency low power mode" was actually going to be used, I > would have designed the whole mode completely differently, with block > interleaving aligned to the transmit on/off times. > > The golden rule of the modem designer: "know your channel". Optimizing for > one impairment usually pessimizes it for something else. > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 9 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 21:22:28 -0700 > From: KF1BUZ <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC > To: <[email protected]>, "'Joe Fitzgerald'" <[email protected]> > Cc: [email protected] > Message-ID: <00f101cbf8c9$3ceed0b0$b6cc7210$@com> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" > > Well its 421 am they will be awake around 0600 am utc.. 2 hours from now, > then we will see if they flippa da switcha > > Kf1buz > > -----Original Message----- > From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On > Behalf Of Phil Karn > Sent: Monday, April 11, 2011 8:59 PM > To: Joe Fitzgerald > Cc: [email protected] > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC > > On Mon, Apr 11, 2011 at 5:47 PM, Joe Fitzgerald > <[email protected]>wrote: > >> >> I am curious to see how your BPSK1000 fares on a rapidly tumbling >> platform. Let's hope ISS doesn't start tumbling more than once per orbit! >> > > It's a pretty sensitive mode, but it still won't work with a zero-watt > transmitter. > > >> >> If you do convince them to leave the ISS powered up on board ISS, we >> could evaluate rapit deep fades in the channel by putting middle >> school students in charge of holding an arrow antenna. >> >> > My concern is that the on/off cycling won't play well with my convolutional > interleaver. It takes 16.384 seconds to fill the interleaver at AOS. You > might get decoded data up to 8 seconds earlier than that if what you do get > is very clean, but there's little margin for additional error correction. > > And when the transmitter switches off, the interleaver will drain over > 16.384 seconds as it fills with noise. If the signal in the last 16.384 > seconds before switch-off is unusually strong, you may be able to decode > data up to 8 seconds before LOS. But anywhere from 8 to 16 seconds will be > chopped off *each end* of each already very short 40-60 second > transmission. > > I designed this signal to deal well with occasional deep fades lasting up to > 1-1.5 seconds -- not for total "fades" lasting 2 minutes at a time. Had I > known that this "emergency low power mode" was actually going to be used, I > would have designed the whole mode completely differently, with block > interleaving aligned to the transmit on/off times. > > The golden rule of the modem designer: "know your channel". Optimizing for > one impairment usually pessimizes it for something else. > _______________________________________________ > Sent via [email protected]. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 10 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 21:47:09 -0700 > From: Clint Bradford <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Nothing Heard 2M ARISSat-1 9:32PM PDT > To: AMSAT BB <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII > > Another poor pass for me ... nothing heard. > > BUT AT 11:06PM PDT - a whopper of a pass. Followed by a pass in the morning > that should be VISIBLE! > > ("Honey, brew another pot o' coffee, will you please?") > > Clint, K6LCS > 909-241-7666 - cell > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 11 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 22:09:42 -0700 > From: Clint Bradford <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Just an hour from now ... > To: AMSAT BB <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII > > Added a photo of me working (unsuccessfully) a pass of the ISS this evening > (9:32PM PDT, Riverside, CA DM13). > > In the background, FirstOrbit.org's incredible film that will be released to > the world tomorrow - a re-creation of Yuri's 108-minute flight, taken by > modern cameras aboard the ISS. > > http://gallery.me.com/clintbradford#100077 > > Clint, K6LCS > Skype - clintbradford > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 12 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 06:20:53 +0100 (BST) > From: John Heath <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] R50KEDR Heard on 14.190 > To: Amsat <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 > > 0520 UTC > > The gagarin station R50KEDR on 14.190 working split listening 5 up. > > Weak signal at my QTH in southern England > > 73 john g7hia > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 13 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 00:08:25 -0500 > From: John Spasojevich <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] ARISSat-1 No Signal > To: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 > > Nothing heard on the 0437 UTC pass in Montgomery, IL 76 degrees elevation, > nice night though. > > John - AG9D > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 14 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:16:30 -0700 > From: KF1BUZ <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: ARISSat-1 No Signal > To: "'John Spasojevich'" <[email protected]>, <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <00f201cbf8d9$2accaf00$80660d00$@com> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" > > Nothing heard over reno, no packet or anything.. > > Slacking space doods!! > Kf1buz > > -----Original Message----- > From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On > Behalf Of John Spasojevich > Sent: Monday, April 11, 2011 10:08 PM > To: [email protected] > Subject: [amsat-bb] ARISSat-1 No Signal > > Nothing heard on the 0437 UTC pass in Montgomery, IL 76 degrees elevation, > nice night though. > > John - AG9D > _______________________________________________ > Sent via [email protected]. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 15 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:23:27 -0700 > From: "Greg D." <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Nothing here either: 0606z pass over California > To: <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" > > > No signal on 145.950 here in Cal. With my luck they probably started the 15 > min timer just before LOS... > > By the way, confirming the earlier post about inconsistent KEPs. Gpredict > updates from Celestrak, and was slightly behind Predict which I had loaded > from Amsat.org website. (I use Gpredict for pass prediction and eye candy > during a pass; predict drives my rotor and Doppler shift radio client.) > > Greg KO6TH > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 16 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:25:29 -0700 (PDT) > From: B J <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Nothing Heard From ARISSat-1 In DO33 > To: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii > > I listened until 0620 UTC but it was a low-elevation pass. The next 3 will > be over 30 degrees. > > 73s > > Bernhard VA6BMJ @ DO33FL > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 17 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:35:36 -0700 > From: Clint Bradford <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Not Heard 1106 PM PDT > To: AMSAT BB <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; CHARSET=US-ASCII > > Darn .... Nada heard on an excellent pass of the ISS at 1106PM PDT. > > But I think the astronauts were just awakened at the top o' the hour. > > OK - 5:30-ish AM PDT next pass over Southern CA DM13-land! > > Clint > Skype - clintbradford > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 18 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 06:35:48 +0000 (UTC) > From: Bob- W7LRD <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] satellite average elevation > To: [email protected] > Message-ID: > > <1639302076.3920933.1302590148277.javamail.r...@sz0126a.emeryville.ca.mail.comcast.net> > > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 > > > > I saw on this bb a site or note that shows the overall?average elevatation.? > As I remember it elevation is surprisingly low for most passes.? Where can I > find it? > > 73 Bob W7LRD > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 19 > Date: Tue, 12 Apr 2011 01:41:15 -0500 > From: "Alan P. Biddle" <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Nothing heard over Nashville 0610 > To: "AMSAT-BB" <[email protected]> > Message-ID: <0D3F14EBAC99494FA86A73A7FD1D8543@WA4SCA> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" > > All, > > Silence over Nashville on the 0610 UTC pass. All but 2 of the passes during > the scheduled period of activation will be "in the weeds" from an elevation > standpoint at my QTH. > > Did get a nice I/Q recording of the passband, though. > > > Alan > WA4SCA > > ----------------------------------- > > The prospect of domination of the > nation's scholars by Federal employment, > project allocations, and the power of money > is ever present - and is gravely to be > regarded. > > President Dwight D. Eisenhower > > > > > ------------------------------ > > Message: 20 > Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:50:44 -0700 > From: Phil Karn <[email protected]> > Subject: [amsat-bb] Re: ARRISSat Reception 14.45 UTC > To: Joe Fitzgerald <[email protected]> > Cc: [email protected] > Message-ID: <[email protected]> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 > > To elaborate: > > BPSK-1000 uses "convolutional interleaving" with a depth of 16,384 symbols. > The symbol rate is 1 kHz (1,000 symbols/sec) so it takes 16.384 seconds for > a data symbol to pass through both the transmit and receive interleave > buffers. The transmitter delay changes a lot from one symbol to the next, > but every symbol experiences the same *total* (transmitter + receiver) > delay: 16,384 symbol times or 16.384 seconds. The idea of any interleaver is > to chop up (short) fades and spread them out in time so that they can be > easily corrected by the Viterbi error correction algorithm (which deals well > with random thermal noise but not with burst errors). > > The usual rule of thumb is that an interleaver can easily handle a complete > fade lasting up to 10% of its length, as long as you give it time to recover > between fades. That would be 1.6 seconds, which seemed plenty long for a > continuously transmitting LEO spacecraft on 2 meters. > > Of course, you pay a price in delay -- there's no way around it. I have > Sirius Satellite Radio in my car, and it always cuts out 4 seconds *after* I > drive into the parking garage at work. It doesn't come back until (at least) > 4 seconds *after* I drive out and it sees the satellite(s) again. The reason > is exactly the same -- an interleaver that takes care of brief fades but not > the really long ones caused by driving into a parking garage. > > I chose convolutional interleaving for BPSK-1000 because it has half the > delay of block interleaving for the same fade performance. > > Convolutional interleavers also operate continuously, a good match to > ARISSat-1's continuous transmitter. At AOS, your deinterleaver is still full > of noise received earlier; it takes 16.384 seconds to flush it all out and > feed "solid" data to the decoder. During that time, it ramps from pure noise > to pure signal, and at some point it starts correcting what it sees. > Depending on how strong the signal is, that may happen before the flushing > is complete. I.e., it might reconstruct some of the missing symbols sent > before your AOS. > > Similarly there is a slow ramp from solid signal down to pure noise over > 16.384 seconds at LOS. > > See how this helps handle fading? Even an abrupt, complete fade starts the > same, slow 16-second ramp down from signal to noise. If the fade ends only a > second or two later, the rampdown won't have progressed very far and the > decoder will still see mostly signal when the trend reverses and ramps back > up to pure signal. That takes a few extra seconds, but the error correction > can easily handle it all -- as long as the fade isn't *too* long. > Interleaving takes a signal that may be solid one moment and gone the next > and smooths it out so that the signal-to-noise ratio changes only slowly. It > literally averages the signal-to-noise ratio. > > Since even a short LEO pass is usually several minutes long, these 16 second > fill/drain intervals didn't seem like a big deal. Besides, we've already had > a similar problem since the old days of the uncoded Phase III block > telemetry format. You might have AOS in the middle of a frame and have to > wait for the next one to start before you can decode anything. Interleaving > isn't really any worse. > > The problem is that I didn't count on having the transmitter turned on for > only 40-60 seconds at a time. So....if the transmissions are only 40 sec, > and if you have to wait 16.384 seconds for the interleaver to fill, and you > can't rely on the last 16.384 seconds as the interleaver drains, that leaves > 40 - 2*16.384 = 7.232 seconds of solid, noise-free "middle" to work with. > > As I recall, ARISSat-1 data frames can be up to 512 bytes long. Ignoring > HDLC flags, bit stuffing, CRC, etc, that's 4K bits. At a data rate of 500 > bps (the FEC is rate 1/2), 512 bytes will take 4096/500 = 8.192 seconds to > transmit. > > 8.192 seconds is longer than 7.232 seconds. > > Ooops. > > But wait, there's more. If the satellite sends a series of back-to-back 512 > byte frames, and the transmitter comes on too late after one has already > started, you'll have to wait for it to end before you can begin decoding the > next one. Meanwhile, the clock is quickly ticking down until the transmitter > goes OFF again... > > Double oops. > > Now this probably overstates the problem a bit. Being the engineer that I > am, this is a very conservative analysis -- I made the most pessimistic > assumption at each step. After all, I was stunned when somebody streamed > BPSK-1000 over the net with a lossy MP3 encoder and it *decoded*; I never > thought that would work. > > Error correction can fill in for a remarkable variety of ills. In reality, > the satellite won't send a continuous stream of 512 byte frames. In reality, > the key-down intervals may be more than 40 seconds. So I actually won't be > too terribly surprised if the thing actually works. But it won't perform > anything like it will when the satellite is eventually operated in its > intended 100% duty cycle mode. > > > ------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Sent via [email protected]. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > Not an AMSAT member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > > > End of AMSAT-BB Digest, Vol 6, Issue 207 > **************************************** Lou McFadin W5DID ARISS US Hardware manager _______________________________________________ Sent via [email protected]. Opinions expressed are those of the author. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
