Thanks very much Jon,
It would be great if the likes of Neal could come up with some traits that 
might actually be useful to growers. The notion that hybrids could not survive 
in the wild is also very difficult to accept. Also, the fact that there are 
such mis-statements of fact in the information would be a cause for unease.
Con Traas

From: apple-crop <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Jon 
Clements via apple-crop
Sent: 14 February 2026 23:15
To: [email protected]
Subject: [apple-crop-mg] Fwd: FYI: USDA Seeks Public Comment on Petition to 
Deregulate Early Juvenile Blooming and Near-Continuous Blooming Apple Developed 
Using Genetic Engineering

I asked Gemini to summarize, see below. Not intended for commercial production? 
Interesting, see: 
https://osfruits.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/OSF-white-paper_Farm-of-the-Future.pdf



This document is a Draft Plant Pest Risk Assessment (PPRA) prepared by the USDA 
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) regarding a petition from 
the USDA-ARS for a determination of nonregulated status for a genetically 
engineered apple line known as T1190.

Key Overview

  *   The Modification: T1190 apples are engineered to express the BpMADS4 gene 
from silver birch (Betula pendula).
  *   Purpose: This gene significantly reduces the "juvenile stage" of the 
apple tree, inducing early and near-continuous flowering. While typical apples 
take 5–12 years to flower, T1190 can begin flowering in less than 6 months.
  *   Intended Use: The T1190 apple is not intended for commercial fruit 
production; instead, it is designed as a tool for accelerated breeding programs 
to speed up the development of new apple varieties.

Phenotypic Changes

  *   Growth Habit: Unlike standard upright apple trees, T1190 exhibits a 
vine-like, spreading growth pattern with slender, weak stems that require a 
trellis for support.
  *   Dormancy: The trees lack normal winter dormancy and maintain 
photosynthetic activity during winter months, which decreases their freezing 
tolerance.
  *   Nutritional Needs: Due to constant flowering and fruiting, these plants 
have exceptionally high nutritional requirements and require regular 
supplemental fertilization (specifically iron) to survive.

Risk Assessment Findings

APHIS concluded that T1190 apple is unlikely to pose a greater plant pest risk 
than non-modified apples based on several factors:

  *   Low Weediness Potential: Because of its high nutritional demands, lack of 
dormancy, and vine-like structure, T1190 is unlikely to survive or establish in 
the wild without human intervention.
  *   Controlled Gene Flow: While hybridization with wild crabapples is 
biologically possible, the resulting offspring would likely inherit the 
"fitness costs" (like high nutrient needs and lack of dormancy), making them 
uncompetitive in natural environments.
  *   Disease Susceptibility: Although initial studies suggested a potential 
vulnerability to fire blight, subsequent research showed no significant 
increase in risk compared to non-modified apples.
  *   Nontarget Organisms: No mechanisms were identified that would cause harm 
to beneficial insects or other organisms.

Conclusion

The assessment concludes that T1190 apple does not pose a plant pest risk and 
recommends that it should no longer be subject to the regulatory requirements 
of 7 CFR part 340.

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Szylvian, Andrea M. 
<[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>
Date: Fri, Feb 13, 2026 at 11:05 AM
Subject: FYI: USDA Seeks Public Comment on Petition to Deregulate Early 
Juvenile Blooming and Near-Continuous Blooming Apple Developed Using Genetic 
Engineering
To: Elizabeth <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>, Jon Clements 
<[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>, Glen Koehler 
<[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>>

Hi –FYI.  Apologies for repeat info.

Beginning February 11, 2026, the public will have 60 days to review and comment 
on the petition.


[U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service]

[Blooming 
Apple]<https://links-2.govdelivery.com/CL0/https:%2F%2Fcontent.govdelivery.com%2Fattachments%2FUSDAAPHIS%2F2026%2F02%2F10%2Ffile_attachments%2F3549471%2Fblooming-apple.png/1/0101019c48fa1618-35ed9517-44e9-4329-8e56-3b8c95ecbe73-000000/0WAxIx4KQ3FiR5lmQL5Pb-RpeZTEQpSEQSWcF4m5BvE=444>
USDA Seeks Public Comment on Petition to Deregulate Early Juvenile Blooming and 
Near-Continuous Blooming Apple Developed Using Genetic Engineering

Contact: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>

Washington, D.C., February 10, 2026—The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal 
and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) invites public comment on a 
petition to deregulate an apple developed using genetic engineering. The apple 
variety produces early juvenile blooming and near continuous blooming.

The public will have 60 days to review and comment on the petition and draft 
plant pest risk assessment (PPRA). Please submit scientific data, studies, or 
research to support your comments.

Beginning February 11, 2026, members of the public can submit comments through 
April 13, 2026, on the petition and draft PPRA by going to 
www.regulations.gov<https://links-2.govdelivery.com/CL0/https:%2F%2Fwww.regulations.gov/1/0101019c48fa1618-35ed9517-44e9-4329-8e56-3b8c95ecbe73-000000/35qJT4yoLylSys6edj_LwZrfmUSDVwMrOhKFlzKDOpo=444>
 and entering “APHIS-2025-1066” into the search field.

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--
Jon Clements
Extension Tree Fruit Specialist
University of Massachusetts Amherst
UMass Cold Spring Orchard
393 Sabin Street
Belchertown, MA. 01007
413-478-7219

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