The data cited here (http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/UCM317224.pdf) are from a few years ago, but I think the responsibilities are still the same ... for residue monitoring, USDA does meats and poultry; FDA does residue surveys on "foods" and feeds. If someone on the list knows if this has changed, please post a note accordingly.
Rick Weinzierl Richard Weinzierl Professor and Extension Entomologist IL SARE PDP Coordinator Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois S-334 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 217-244-2126 -----Original Message----- From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Mark & Helen Angermayer Sent: Friday, May 02, 2014 10:05 PM To: Apple-crop discussion list Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals Richard, I may be going on a limb here, but I thought the USDA did the market basket surveys to determine residues on food. I believe the EWG list of the "Dirty Dozen" comes from the USDA surveys. Are there other surveys done by the FDA? Mark Angermayer On 5/2/14, Weinzierl, Richard A <[email protected]> wrote: > All, > > To my understanding, Mark has it right. In the US, the US EPA > registers and sets tolerances (or MRLs) for pesticides and growth regulator > compounds. > FDA does market basket surveys and import surveys to determine > residues on foods that consumers buy ... and the residues are > generally WAY below established tolerances or MRLs (with very few > isolated exceptions). But it is indeed the US EPA who makes the regulatory > decisions on field uses. > > And just to be clear ... my rant yesterday was NOT about the > discussion that has been ongoing on this list for a couple of days but > was directed at the video that Steve Jansky called to our attention ... > http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oEh1IbOKRBo. > > Rick > > Richard Weinzierl > Professor and Extension Entomologist > IL SARE PDP Coordinator > Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois > S-334 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 > 217-244-2126 > > > -----Original Message----- > From: [email protected] > [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Mark & Helen > Angermayer > Sent: Friday, May 02, 2014 1:20 PM > To: Apple-crop discussion list > Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals > > I meant to type MRL, not MLR. > > Mark > > On 5/2/14, Mark & Helen Angermayer <[email protected]> wrote: >> Bill, >> >> MLR's are set by the EPA. That's how they determine PHI's. >> >> Mark Angermayer >> Tubby Fruits >> >> On 5/2/14, Fleming, William <[email protected]> wrote: >>> Am I missing something here? Always thought it was the FDA not the >>> EPA that regulated residues on food. >>> >>> Bill Fleming >>> Montana State University >>> Western Ag Research Center >>> 580 Quast Lane >>> Corvallis, MT 59828 >>> >>> From: [email protected] >>> [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of >>> Weinzierl, Richard A >>> Sent: Thursday, May 01, 2014 7:22 PM >>> To: Apple-crop discussion list >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals >>> >>> Amazing. >>> >>> First, I admit that I usually support new restrictions imposed by the >>> US EPA in response to new tox data or standards because in general >>> one can at least attribute the decisions to people who understand how >>> to weigh scientific evidence ... and I do not expect that they will >>> always agree with me, to one direction or the other. I probably do >>> not agree with industry opposition to the EPA as often as many on >>> this list-serve might think I should, but that's why we all should >>> communicate. >>> >>> But ... wow ... Apparently TYT (the young Turks) feel free to offer >>> compelling opinions without any need to understand the issue in any >>> substantive way. One has to (NOT) love the web. What a bunch of >>> arrogant talking heads. Perhaps they should launch a vendetta on >>> nitrosamines from BBQs as David R. brought up. Or maybe even quit >>> wearing any SYNTHETIC fabrics or burning any hydrocarbon fuels. As >>> others have posted ... >>> those >>> who eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, produced conventionally >>> or organically, are the healthiest of all in our societies. >>> >>> I'll probably regret posting this ... but I do not understand how >>> their opinions warrant anyone's attention. Not Faux News, but just as >>> faux. >>> >>> Ugh. Let's hope academic freedom is a real thing, or I'll become a >>> retired old new fruit grower a year or two before I planned to be. >>> >>> Rick Weinzierl >>> >>> Richard Weinzierl >>> Professor and Extension Entomologist >>> IL SARE PDP Coordinator >>> Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois >>> S-334 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 >>> 217-244-2126 >>> >>> From: >>> [email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virtu >>> alorchard.net> [mailto:[email protected]] On >>> Behalf Of Stephen Jansky >>> Sent: Thursday, May 01, 2014 6:59 PM >>> To: >>> [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals >>> >>> The YOUTUBE reaction to American Apples containing DHP.... Not good >>> press for the U.S. Industry.... >>> >>> http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oEh1IbOKRBo >>> >>> Steve >>> ________________________________ >>> From: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >>> To: >>> [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >>> Date: Wed, 30 Apr 2014 10:11:27 +0000 >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals Hello Mike and all, >>> >>> The backdrop to the Irish opinion was, I believe, that a number of EU >>> countries were more reliant on DPA than some others, and that >>> Ireland, having a small apple industry (but nonetheless one in which >>> about 30% of the fruit could have been DPA treated), was naturally >>> inclined to be positively disposed to its continued use (under >>> considerable lobbying pressure from our own apple growers >>> association, and from some other countries). >>> >>> I do know that strong efforts were made by the task force to fill the >>> supposed data gaps, but in the end they did not win out. So in the >>> end, as you say the MRL was dropped not based on a definitive >>> assessment of risk, but because, as I mentioned, there is a general >>> policy thrust to remove nitrosamines from diet. >>> >>> Dave is correct to point out that there are uncontrollable sources of >>> nitrosamines in diet, but thank goodness they have not begun >>> regulating how people cook their foods at home yet. It would be >>> interesting to compare the amount of nitrosamine in a typical diet >>> due to BBQ's, compared with that which might come from DPA treated >>> apples. >>> >>> 1-MCP is not a replacement for DPA, and a few years ago I had done >>> some small-scale trials on using about 10% rates of DPA both without >>> and in combination with 1-MCP, and found scald control to be very >>> good in both cases, indicating that recommended DPA rates were >>> probably too high to begin with. I think such combinations would have >>> been the ideal solution, had DPA not been removed from the market, as >>> CO2 injury is a serious risk with 1-MCP use, which is why we now must >>> use higher-tech storage systems. Regarding the treatments with DPA at >>> 10% of the recommended rate, residues were still detectable at about >>> 0.1 to 0.05 ppm after 6 months of storage (unwashed apples). Even if >>> we could guarantee the lower figure, because DPA has now been >>> withdrawn, any residue found in a random test would be an issue, as >>> use of an unapproved chemical is illegal (even if it leaves no >>> residue). >>> >>> We have not got as far as Mosbah's idea of calling pesticides plant >>> medicines, though the industry does use the phrase plant protectant >>> products, even though the public still call them pesticides. It will >>> take quite some time to change that, but the opportunity arises each >>> time someone asks the question. >>> >>> Finally, regarding Jean-Marc's observation of reduced aroma, we have >>> been able to offset this in some varieties (for example Elstar & >>> clones, Pinova and Wellant) by a delayed harvest, which is in itself >>> facilitated by the excellent ability of 1-MCP to stop these >>> particular varieties ripening further. In this case we end up with >>> firmer fresher-tasting apples which also have great aroma >>> characteristics. For other varieties (e.g. Jonagold and clones), once >>> ripening is under way the effect of 1-MCP is not so marked, so later >>> harvest is not the solution. >>> >>> I would add that the advent of 1-MCP has changed my planting strategy >>> from Jonagold type apples to Elstar type apples. >>> >>> Con >>> >>> From: >>> [email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virtu >>> alorchard.net> [mailto:[email protected]] On >>> Behalf Of Mike Willett >>> Sent: 30 April 2014 06:36 >>> To: Apple-crop discussion list >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals >>> >>> As you can imagine, we have been following this issue very closely >>> for a number of years. According to the U.S. EPA's Registration >>> Eligibility Decision for DPA, diphenyl nitrosamine is a trace >>> contaminant in technical DPA. In the most recent risk assessment >>> (2012) done in the EU for DPA, by Ireland's Pesticide Registration & >>> Control Division as the rapporteur member state (RMS), it came to >>> this conclusion: >>> >>> "N-nitrosodiphenylamine is found at trace levels, below the LOQ in >>> processed apple samples. When you consider the toxicological profile >>> of this nitrosamine and the amounts at which it is likely to be >>> consumed, the RMS calculations show that there are no safety >>> concerns. One must also consider that diphenylamine is not applied to >>> apples destined for the processing market, it is only applied to >>> freshly consumed table apples, as appearance of these apples is very >>> important. >>> >>> Therefore, the RMS remains supportive of the approval of diphenylamine." >>> >>> In the study that generated the opinion above which was done to >>> address home processing of apples that were originally sold for fresh >>> consumption, no nitrosamines were found in raw apples, nor in apple >>> juice; only in blended and chopped apples ("processed" apples). >>> >>> The decision announced in March of this year indicates that the >>> reason the MRL for DPA was reduced to 0.1 ppm was because of data >>> gaps in the registration package that had been submitted. The EU DPA >>> Task Force has vigorously protested the allegation of data gaps but, >>> at any rate, the reduction in the MRL in the EU was not based on a >>> definitive assessment of risk. >>> >>> While I am not an expert in this area, given the discussion regarding >>> 1-MCP, while it is very effective at preventing scald, work done by >>> Jim Mattheis at USDA/ARS-Wenatchee and Chris Watkins at Cornell, >>> notes that in certain situations use of 1-MCP can increase certain >>> fruit disorders, some related to CO2 injury. Many packers in the >>> U.S. Pacific Northwest, now use lower rates of DPA in combination >>> with 1-MCP to maximize its benefits. >>> >>> Mike Willett >>> Northwest Horticultural Council >>> www.nwhort.org<http://www.nwhort.org> >>> [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >>> 509.969.0245 mobile >>> >>> This message is from a remote location, sometimes truly remote. >>> ________________________________ >>> From: >>> [email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virtu >>> alorchard.net> [[email protected]] on behalf of >>> David A. Rosenberger [[email protected]] >>> Sent: Tuesday, April 29, 2014 10:46 AM >>> To: Apple-crop discussion list >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals Hello, Con - Since >>> grilling meat on a barbecue almost always creates some nitrosamines, >>> I'm assuming that outdoor barbecues have also been banned in Europe? >>> :) >>> >>> **************************************************************** >>> Dave Rosenberger, Professor Emeritus >>> Dept. of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Cornell's Hudson >>> Valley Lab, P.O. Box 727, Highland, NY 12528 >>> Office: 845-691-7231 Cell: 845-594-3060 >>> http://blogs.cornell.edu/plantpathhvl/ >>> **************************************************************** >>> >>> On Apr 29, 2014, at 12:00 PM, Con.Traas >>> <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: >>> >>> Hello Mosbah, >>> The cost of smartfresh treatment here is about 10 euros (12 dollars?) >>> per 330kg bin (700lbs approx.). It feels expensive, especially >>> compared with DPA, which is very cheap. It does a lot more though. >>> By the way, I think the issue with DPA from a European perspective is >>> that when it degrades it forms one or more nitrosamines, which are a >>> group of chemicals many of which are carcinogenic, though some much >>> more-so than others. So the EU is seeking to eliminate all sources of >>> nitrosamines from diets, and therefore DPA is gone. >>> I do remember when DPA was "cleaned-up", but its breakdown products >>> will be nitrosamines, regardless of how cleanly it is produced. >>> >>> Con >>> >>> ________________________________ >>> From: >>> [email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virtu >>> alorchard.net> >>> [[email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virt >>> ualorchard.net>] >>> on behalf of Kushad, Mosbah M >>> [[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>] >>> Sent: 28 April 2014 15:53 >>> To: Apple-crop discussion list >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals If you are asking >>> about diphenylamine (DPA), then it is an antioxidants that blocks the >>> oxidation of alpha farnesene into conjugated trienes in the peel. >>> Conjugated trienes are what causes the apple/pear peel to turn brown >>> from regular or superficial scald. It doesn't help soft scald or >>> sunscald. >>> In >>> the old days they used to wrap fruits in paper soaked in mineral oil >>> that absorbs the conjugated triene gas. I have only scene this >>> recently being practiced in one place. To minimize superficial scald >>> development, harvest fruits when they are horticulturally mature. >>> Ethoxyquin was removed from the market around the 80's because it >>> was suspected to cause cancer. >>> However, DPA went through a rigorous cleaning process to remove any >>> impurities that cause cancer. If you are asking about >>> 1-methylecyclopropene (1-MCP), also known as SmartFresh, it is an >>> ethylene action inhibitor. >>> Treated fruits produce ethylene but it does not work, because the >>> sites where ethylene normally attaches itself, to initiate fruit >>> ripening, are occupied by 1-MCP. There is no evidence that 1-MCP causes >>> any harm to >>> human. Some consider 1-MCP as the best thing since CA storage was >>> introduced in the 30's -40's. hope this helps, Mosbah Kushad, >>> university >>> of Illinois. >>> >>> Question to Con. What is the cost of using SmartFresh per bushel in >>> your operation? >>> >>> From: >>> [email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virtu >>> alorchard.net> [mailto:[email protected]] On >>> Behalf Of Ginda Fisher >>> Sent: Monday, April 28, 2014 7:08 AM >>> To: Apple-crop discussion list; Con.Traas; 'Evan B. Milburn'; >>> 'Apple-crop discussion list' >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals >>> >>> Can anyone summarize what this chemical is, why and how it is used, >>> and what the risks might be to farmers and consumers from its use? I >>> feel like I walked into the middle of a conversation. >>> >>> Thanks, >>> -- >>> Typed with Swype. Who knows what I meant to say? >>> On April 28, 2014 4:03:51 AM EDT, "Con.Traas" >>> <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: >>> Hello Evan and everybody, >>> >>> Coming from my perspective, where we are now having to cope without >>> DPA for storing Bramley (culinary) apples, I must say that is it >>> proving tricky, but we are managing, through use of 1-MCP combined >>> with more complex (and expensive and risky) storage regimes. So I >>> would say it is technically possible to keep apples without DPA or >>> ethoxyquin, which we also can't use, but ironically it mitigates >>> against the smaller grower, and in favour of the larger ones (big >>> ag?) who can afford the higher tech gear. >>> >>> It is ironic that scaring people about pesticide residues on fresh >>> foods (especially fruits) actually causes people to eat more >>> processed foods (as though their ingredients do not also get >>> pesticide treatments), as the studies linking better health with >>> fruit consumption are studies conducted with conventionally grown >>> fruits with their pesticide residues (if they are not residue free). >>> In other words, the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables are >>> there in black and white, even if those fruits and vegetables have >>> residues. It is far less healthy to switch to a candy bar from an >>> apple, even if that apple has some residue (so long as that is below >>> permitted levels). However, this is not a message we can send out, so >>> we are left grappling when emails like this from EWG are circulated. >>> >>> The joke of what EWG seems to be doing is producing a dirty dozen or >>> clean fifteen list is that those lists say nothing at all about the >>> risk of a pesticide residue on the particular apple in your >>> fruit-bowl. You could be eating a residue-free fruit from among the >>> "dirty dozen", or one covered in pesticide from among the "clean >>> fifteen". >>> >>> Despite the differences in regulations between Europe and the US (and >>> I favour in general the less permissive, more cautious European >>> standards, despite having to work within their restrictions), our >>> agriculture here is constantly increasing in scale, and resembles >>> more and more what would be our stereotyped image of US industrial >>> agriculture. That is because the regulations have more in common than >>> what separates them, and farming is becoming more and more like a >>> business, and less like a passion. >>> >>> I am personally not a fan of industrial agriculture, although I >>> employ mostly similar methods. However, motivation is a key factor, >>> and for me, the motivation is not profit maximisation. For the >>> industrial model is about profit before all else, and that is not a >>> suitable way for the World to produce its food. >>> >>> However, as long as Joe public takes the attitude that 7% of their >>> disposable income is what they will spend on food (that is the Irish >>> %), then agriculture will continue to become more industrial, as for >>> me that is not a percentage that can support the production of >>> produce and foods that consumers might feel more comfortable buying, >>> and might be able to have more confidence in. >>> >>> So, instead of sending 45 bucks to Ken Cook, I would suggest that Joe >>> public either sends it to a principled (and hopefully small-scale) >>> farmer someplace near them, or better still, buys a few fruit trees >>> or invests in a few packets of seeds, and grows their own >>> pesticide-free produce. >>> >>> Con Traas >>> European (Irish) Apple Grower >>> T: @theapplefarmer >>> >>> From: >>> [email protected]<mailto:apple-crop-bounces@virtu >>> alorchard.net> [mailto:[email protected]] On >>> Behalf Of Evan B. >>> Milburn >>> Sent: 28 April 2014 02:32 >>> To: Apple-Crop >>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals >>> >>> This was sent to me from a friend of mine by the name of George. It >>> was send to him from one of his co-workers. >>> Evan Milburn >>> >>> www.milburnorchards.com<http://www.milburnorchards.com/> >>> >>> >>> Hey Evan what's this all about? >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> _______________________________________________ >>> apple-crop mailing list >>> [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >>> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop >>> >>> >>> _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing >>> list >>> [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> >>> http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop >>> >> > _______________________________________________ > apple-crop mailing list > [email protected] > http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop > _______________________________________________ > apple-crop mailing list > [email protected] > http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop > _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing list [email protected] http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop _______________________________________________ apple-crop mailing list [email protected] http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
