Don't forget to check out http://auda.org.au/domain-news/ for today's edition of the complete domain news, including an RSS feed - already online!
Headlines from today's news, now on the auDA website, include: ICANN moves ahead with international domain names | ICANN faces major transition with Cerf's departure | American trademark attorneys to consume own young | ICANN wrestles with changes after Registerfly melt-down | TLD Or Not TLD For Cities? Berlin Senate Wants Out | uk: Google sued over defamatory postings found on web search | Attack on Estonia puts cyber security on EU agenda | Speculators grab iPhone domain names | Try out ICANN's new IANA site by Kim Davies | The End of the (IPv4) World is Nigher! by Geoff Huston | Dot-Asia domain applications to begin in October | Spamhaus.org changes nic.at listing | CENTR backs APTLD position on Top Level Internationalised Domain Names And see my website - http://technewsreview.com.au/ - for daily updates in between postings. ********************************************************** Sponsored by the Singapore Internet Research Centre http://www.ntu.edu.sg/sci/sirc/ Sponsored by EuroDNS and AsiaDNS - for your domain name registration http://www.eurodns.com/ ********************************************************** ICANN goes native, as new TLDs proliferate http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/27/icann_tld_regional/ ICANN Mulls Registrar Changes (IDG) http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,133399-pg,1/article.html After Registerfly meltdown, ICANN mulls registrar contract changes http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070626-after-registerfly-meltdown-icann-mulls-registrar-contract-changes.html InternetNZ’s Farrar steps down from Council http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/news/46824D9DFE5510E8CC2573020015A2DC *************** RESEARCH PAPERS *************** Typosquatting and the .eu Top Level Domain by Kristof Neefs Part I of the paper outlines the origins of typosquatting and it identifies the benefits of registering a domain similar to a well-known trademark or name to typosquatters. It also briefly evaluates potential detrimental effects of typosquatting for consumers and legitimate businesses. Part II then adresses how the launch of the .eu top-level domain anticipated cybersquatting by allowing the holders of a prior right to a name to register the matching .eu domain during phased registration. I assess whether the phased registration also permitted preventive registering of domains likely to be subject of typosquatting. Part III goes on to describe the alternative dispute resolution mechanism in EC Regulation 874/2004. In conclusion, I argue that typosquatting is sufficiently remedied by the EU regulations on the .eu domain, and I suggest a diligent and pro-active domain registering approach to holders of valuable trademark portfolios. http://www.droit-technologie.org/actuality/details.asp?id=1049 ********************** ICANN IN SAN JUAN ********************** DAY THREE ICANN goes native, as new TLDs proliferate Tuesday brought more on the expansion of the TLD landscape - namely a discussion of what are referred to somewhat jokingly as geoTLDs. These are really two distinct kinds of TLDs - one for information about cities or purely geographic regions, and another for linguistic and cultural preservation. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/27/icann_tld_regional/ ICANN Puerto Rico - of Tortuous Tutorials by Adam Strong Adam Strong wasn’t at the ICANN meetings but after reading the transcript of the “tutorial” on domain tasting, he was pretty disappointed by what’s going on. It’s pretty clear at least one presenter got things off track. Representing the Business Constituency (BC), Maryiln Cade focused on what she called “the harmful aspect, the dark side, . . . a scheme that is involving the abusive registration and exploitation of the rights of others.” http://domainnamenews.com/legal-issues/icann-puerto-rico-of-torturous-tutorials/ ICANN Formalizes Relationship with ccTLD Managers for Puerto Rico, Fiji ICANN announced today that it has signed accountability frameworks with the ccTLD managers for .pr-- Puerto Rico, Gauss Research Laboratory Inc. and .fj-- Fiji, University of the South Pacific, Information Technology Services. http://icann.org/announcements/announcement-2-26jun07.htm DAY TWO ICANN Mulls Registrar Changes (IDG) ICANN is seeking ideas and opinions on ways to modify the agreement terms it enters into with Internet registrars to protect individuals and organizations that do business with them. http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,133399-pg,1/article.html http://www.infoworld.com/article/07/06/26/ICANN-mulls-registrar-changes_1.html http://www.infoworld.nl/idgns/bericht.phtml?id=002570DE00740E1800257305007457A2 RegisterFly: the name not to be spoken The afternoon brought meatier fare - something a correspondent can sink his teeth into, so to speak. The RegisterFly debacle has forced ICANN into a bout of soul-searching, and the potential reform of the Registrar Accreditation Agreement provoked wide-ranging debate about ICANN's purpose and the rights of registrants to their domains. It also raised the specter of how to respond to the failure of an actual registry, rather than a registrar. Susan Crawford, ICANN board member and moderator of the discussion, broached the question of whether an entire TLD could be allowed to fail, or rather should be maintained somehow in perpetuity. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/26/icann_raa_san_juan/ After Registerfly meltdown, ICANN mulls registrar contract changes ICANN is revamping its registrar agreement in order to better protect its customers from registrar disasters that could indefinitely hold up their domains. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070626-after-registerfly-meltdown-icann-mulls-registrar-contract-changes.html New Domains in Works at ICANN Meet (AP) ICANN has scheduled workshops this week to discuss procedures for additional domain suffixes in English; it would be the third major round and the first beyond a pilot since the domain name system was created in the 1980s. For straightforward strings in which no objection is raised, approval would come within three months. http://www.newsfactor.com/story.xhtml?story_id=53322 Domains in Cyrillic symbols may appear in one year ICANN announced in a Tuesday opened its 29th International Public Meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico on June 25, 2007. New Internet addresses, including those entirely in foreign languages, are under review by the corporation, RBC reported. http://english.newslab.ru/news/225540 DAY ONE ICANN to Tackle new Top Level Domains (IDG) ICANN opened a week-long meeting on Monday where it will address critical issues like new gTLDs, IDNs and the organization's efforts to become more accountable and transparent. The meeting, the second of three of its kind ICANN has planned for this year, will also include discussions about a major expansion of available Internet Protocol addresses, as well as about the process for accrediting registrars. Taking advantage of the meeting's venue in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the agenda also includes the first General Assembly of the Latin American and Caribbean Regional At Large Organization, formed in March. http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,133397-pg,1/article.html http://www.infoworld.com/article/07/06/25/ICANN-tackle-transparency_1.html http://linuxworld.com.au/index.php/id;466026688;fp;2;fpid;1 http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/id;466026688 http://computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9025724 http://www.computerworld.com.au/index.php/id;466026688;fp;2;fpid;1 Internet agency to discuss domain name expansion (AP) New Internet addresses, including those entirely in foreign languages, are under review by a key oversight agency, although meetings this week in Puerto Rico are likely to conclude with more questions. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/06/26/1182623849118.html http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/06/26/1182623849118.html http://news.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/20070527-4dp.html http://australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,21969437-15306,00.html http://australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,21969437-15318,00.html http://businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D8Q017RO0.htm http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1637086,00.html http://www.thestate.com/367/story/101748.html http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techpolicy/2007-06-25-new-domains_N.htm http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/321224_webnames26.html ICANN goes to the Caribbean The ICANN Puerto Rico meeting kicked off this morning with the usual platitudes and words of gratitude for the host nation and sponsors, but it did give us an overview of what to expect from ICANN in the next few months. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/25/icann_san_juan_2007/ ICANN promises to tighten up domain name administration ICANN has promised to tighten up its procedures and processes to better protect registrants and domain names. http://itwire.com.au/content/view/13168/53/ http://www.e-consultancy.com/news-blog/363661/international-domains-on-icann-agenda.html http://techworld.com/networking/news/index.cfm?newsid=9279 http://telecomseurope.net/article.php?type=article&id_article=4202 http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2007/06/26/icann-to-address-domain-name-expansion http://turks.us/article~story~InternetMeetingAimsforNewDomainson~mode~print.htm ICANN's 29th International Meeting Opens Monday in San Juan The future of the Internet will be front and center as ICANN opens its 29th International Public Meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico on Monday, 25 June 2007. "If you are interested in the domain names that can be used on the Internet, if you want to make sure there are enough numbers to allow the Internet to expand, if you care about how the Internet evolves and want to have a say, ICANN meetings are the place for you," said Dr Paul Twomey, President and CEO of ICANN. "The San Juan meeting gives us an opportunity to talk face to face within the global Internet community, listen to ideas and input, and make sure policies promote the Internet's security and stability. Even if you can't be here in person, you can be part of the meeting with our remote participation website, meeting blogs, and webcasts." http://icann.org/announcements/announcement-25jun07.htm Protecting Registrants Focus of ICANN Workshop Strengthening the protection of registrants and their domain names was the focus of a key workshop at the 29th International Public Meeting of ICANN in San Juan. http://icann.org/announcements/announcement-3-25jun07.htm ICANN Maps In further improvements to transparency and accountability, ICANN has commenced the process of illustrating some basic data in geographical maps. The data includes: the number of accredited registrars there are and the countries in which they are located; board and staff representation by nationality; ccTLD agreements; ccTLD financial contributions; the countries in which the 29 ICANN meetings have been held so far; the global areas that the Regional Internet Registries cover; the general location of root servers based on publicly available information; root zone Whois information; support for IDNs at TLD registries; registrations for the current San Juan meeting. http://icann.org/announcements/announcement-2-25jun07.htm ********************** DOMAIN NAMES ********************** Did you know there are 150 ways to spell iPhone? And that's just based on the number of Websites now set up with names like iphoen.com and i0hone.com (I know, I shouldn't publicize 'em) as a way to make money from the hype surrounding the launch of Apple's (AAPL) iPhone. The practice is called typosquatting, and its become a huge, albeit legally risky, cash cow due to the popularity of pay-per-click advertising. Sloppy typists land on a page, click on an ad (possibly even for the Apple store or for Cingular, the exclusive carrier of the iPhone), and cha-ching, the domain holder makes a cut. http://blogs.business2.com/sloan/2007/06/did-you-know-th.html More Than Just Squatting (on Domain Names) One of the less reputable sectors of the Internet economy that has been growing rapidly is domain name parking. Entrepreneurs register names that are either misspellings of common domains, like amazo.com or generic titles like www.chicagodoctors.com. They fill these sites with ads from Google or Yahoo, getting paid for every click. This game has morphed into what is know as Google arbitrage, filling the page also with just enough content that it will actually be found by search engines, and in turn attract users who simply see ads and click again to get somewhere useful. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/06/27/more-than-just-squatting-on-domain-names/ InternetNZ’s Farrar steps down from Council Outgoing InternetNZ vice president David Farrar says he plans to leave the organisation’s Council, after almost nine years onboard. Farrar joined the INZ Council in 1998, and has served the last four years as vice-president. http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/news/46824D9DFE5510E8CC2573020015A2DC mx: All the new IP addresses will be allocated on IPv6 According to forecasts of some investigators, in the next three years the central pool of Internet Protocol addresses of the present version 4, IPv4 will be depleted, so from January 1st, of 2011, NIC Mexico will not be able to allocate anymore IPv4 addresses and will only assign IP addresses in version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IPv6). http://www.nic.mx/es/Noticias_2?NEWS=220 http://www.nic.mx/es/Noticias_2?NEWS=217 (Spanish) IEDR opens up market for personalised .ie domains The IE Domain Registry (IEDR) has confirmed that it is hoping to introduce personalised .ie domain names this summer. This will allow people to register domains like www.johnmurphy.ie or www.marysmith.ie. http://www.siliconrepublic.com/news/news.nv?storyid=single8615 za: Call for New Domain Name Authority Directors Nominations for directors to serve on the board of the ".za" Domain Name Authority has been opened by the Communications Minister Dr Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, Tuesday. http://allafrica.com/stories/200706260692.html http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=42103,1,22 http://mybroadband.co.za/news/General/414.html za: Have a little faith, .za administrator told The Inkatha Freedom Party on Friday called on the administrator of the .za Internet domain name, Mike Lawrie, to "show some faith" in the South African government and its ability to administer the address in the best interests of all South Africans. http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?South%20Africa&set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=qw1024047002303B253 Direct Navigation: Maximizing Traffic to Drive ROI (cost - US$750) Direct navigation is the largest untapped market for paid search advertisers and agencies. With Google having increasingly become a gateway to the Internet and a navigation tool, Internet users have become accustomed to typing domain names into the address bar, creating a new source of traffic for marketers. http://jupiterresearch.com/bin/item.pl/research:concept/1091/id=99431 ANRT opens consultation on .ma domain name administrator (sub req'd) http://telecom.paper.nl/news/article.aspx?id=173439 Bush on cyber war: 'a subject I can learn a lot about' When the presidents of the USA and Estonia met on Monday, cyber warfare was still very much on the Estonian agenda. Estonia has recently cooled its jets somewhat on the issue of the serious DDoS attacks it suffered in recent months. Initially, the Estonian Government suggested that the Russian Government had mounted a purposeful digital assault, leading to a wave of wide-eyed "cyber-war!" headlines in the Western media. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/26/bush_soothes_estonians_on_cyber_war/ How MySpace is hurting your network Increasingly popular social-networking sites such as MySpace, YouTube and Facebook are accounting for such huge volumes of DNS queries and bandwidth consumption that carriers, universities and corporations are scrambling to keep pace. http://computerworld.com.sg/ShowPage.aspx?pagetype=2&articleid=5546&pubid=3&tab=Home&issueid=114 What Is Cybersquatting and What Can Be Done About It? ACPA or UDRP? Have you ever had a third party register a domain name that is either exactly the same or very similar to your trademark? If so, it may be a Cybersquatting issue. Cybersquatting is registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with a bad-faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. To address this issue, Congress enacted what is known as the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act ("ACPA"). The ACPA amended the Lanham Act by providing trademark owners with a civil remedy against cybersquatting. http://domaininformer.com/guides/Legal/articles/070625whatiscybersquatting.html Domain name industry booming with multimillion-dollar sales, but is it sustainable? If hefty domain name prices are any indication, the dot-com resurgence may be headed for another bust. Just take a look at last week’s live auction sale by domain name broker Moniker. On Friday at the Traffic conference in New York, Moniker beat its record for the largest sale of a single domain name at live auction. That sale went to Creditcheck.com, which took in a cool $3 million. When the day was done, Pompano Beach, Florida-based Moniker had raked in $10.9 million for brokering 115 names. http://redherring.com/Article.aspx?a=22712 Domain Names Market Remains Hot...A Bubble Waiting To Burst? In April, Pablo Palatnik wrote a blog post, "Domain Names Have Become True Commodities". Pablo writes "[i]t's now June and the market for Domain names is still rising in prices. It's much like the housing market two years ago, not quite as hot and profitable yet, but there are a lot of people making serious money from domain names." http://searchenginejournal.com/domain-names-market-remains-hota-bubble-waiting-to-burst/5179/ Communicate.com Stock Nearly Doubles in June Individual domain name prices aren’t the only signs that the domain name market is white hot. Shares of domain name company Communicate.com (CMNN.ob) have soared from $1.14 at open on June 1 to close at $2.10 last Friday, June 22. (Shares fell 8 cents on Monday). http://domainnamewire.com/2007/06/26/communicatecom-stock-nearly-doubles-in-june/ Moniker.com Brokers Two Multi-Million Dollar Domain Name Sales at T.R.A.F.F.I.C. NYC More than 300 individuals packed the ballroom at the Hyatt Grand Central in NYC to bid on some of the world's most premium domain names at the culmination of T.R.A.F.F.I.C NYC. The auction was hosted by Moniker.com. During intense live bidding, CreditCheck.com and its associated Web site FreeCreditCheck.com sold for U.S. $3 million combined while Seniors.com sold for $1.8 million. http://domaininformer.com/news/press/070625Moniker.html Rick Latona Lights Up the Top 20 With Three Charted Domains Including Iran.com at US$400,000 Rick Latona of DigiPawn.com went on a spending spree this week and more than half a million dollars later he was the proud new owner of Iran.com ($400,000), TrackAndField.com ($57,000), Territory.com ($30,000) and Gutter.com ($12,500). http://dnjournal.com/archive/domainsales/2007/domainsales06-19-07.htm Apple iPhone Promoting .com TLD? One of the key features of the soon-to-launch iPhone is its advanced web browser capabilities. "The iPhone is the first smart phone we've tested with a real, computer-grade Web browser, a version of Apple's Safari," say the Wall Street Journal. To make the user's browsing experience even more efficient, the phone even comes with a top-level domain (TLD) button labeled ".com". Rather interesting given that today there are over two hundred TLDs in existence including .mobi. http://www.circleid.com/posts/apple_iphone_buttons_com_domain/ What's in a domain name? Commentary: Web start-ups scraping bottom of brand barrel Internet start-ups seem to be having as much trouble acquiring names as they do venture financing. Nowadays, these start-ups are built on the cheap, employing shoestring budgets by leasing inexpensive computer servers and using low-cost software. The last thing they want to spend big money on is a name. A Web identity is imperative, but these firms don't have tens of thousands of dollars to hire a naming specialist, to say nothing of the cost of acquiring a cybersquatted domain. http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid=%7BF9C03C2F%2D15F1%2D4F9F%2DA791%2D8BB8851EFEB0%7D ICANN opens consultation on operating principles (sub req'd) http://telecom.paper.nl/news/article.aspx?id=173235 Kammergericht: Keine Staatsnamen für private Internet-Domains Namen von Staaten dürfen nach einem Urteil des Berliner Kammergerichts nicht für private Internet-Domains missbraucht werden. Für Staatsnamen, ob in der Landessprache oder in einer Übersetzung, bestehe immer ein ausschließliches Nutzungsrecht des jeweiligen Staates, urteilte das Gericht in einem am heutigen Mittwoch bekannt gewordenen Beschluss. http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/91821 Internet-Verwaltung: Warten auf Godot ... und neue Domains Die Einführung neuer Top Level Domains steht wieder einmal ganz oben auf der Agenda der Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Die private Netzverwaltung versammelt sich diese Woche zu ihrem turnusmäßigen Treffen in San Juan, Puerto Rico. http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/91795 Die Welt der ICANN Die ICANN hat rechtzeitig zum Start ihres Kongresses in San Juan einfache interaktive Karten ins Netz gestellt, auf denen unter anderem eingezeichnet ist, woher die Mitglieder der Organisation kommen, wo die verschiedenen Root-Zone-Server des Whois-Systems stehen und ich welchem Land es wie viele Registrare für Domains gibt. http://futurezone.orf.at/tipps/stories/202792/ ICANN startet Marathon-Session zu Transparenz Die ICANN hat sich diese Woche in Klausur begeben. Sie will hauptsächlich neue TLDs und ihre Rolle besprechen, aber die öffentlichkeitswirksamsten Ergebnisse werden wohl aus der Sessions-Serie kommen, die sich mit Nabelschau beschäftigt: Der ICANN wurde in der Vergangenheit öfters Intransparenz vorgeworfen. Das soll jetzt zunächst offen diskutiert und nach Möglichkeit abgestellt werden, meldete AP. http://www.silicon.de/enid/storage_network/28003 .ASIA : le calendrier définitif dévoilé Le registre du .ASIA a présenté hier lors de la réunion de l’ICANN à San Juan, le calendrier définitif d’ouverture de son extension. http://domainesinfo.fr/extension/1245/asie-asia-le-calendrier-definitif-devoile.php L'Icann veut garantir la qualité de services aux internautes Lors de sa 29e conférence internationale, l'Icann, le régulateur d'Internet, a décidé de sonder l'opinion sur les procédures de certifications attribuées aux registrars (organismes locaux chargés de gérer et de commercialiser les noms de domaines - DNS). http://www.lemondeinformatique.fr/actualites/lire-l-icann-veut-garantir-la-qualite-de-services-aux-internautes-23269.html De nouveaux noms de domaine Internet pourraient voir le jour De nouvelles adresses Internet, y compris des adresses écrites exclusivement dans une langue autre que l'anglais, pourraient bientôt voir le jour. http://techno.branchez-vous.com/actualite/2007/06/de_nouveaux_noms_de_domaine_in.html 400 millions pour un nom ! Business.com serait-il le nom de tous les records ? Acheté au prix de USD 7,5 millions en 1999, le nom serait bientôt proposé aux enchères. Estimations du montant de la vente : de USD 300 à 400 millions. http://domainesinfo.fr/actualite/1241/400-millions-pour-un-nom.php Réunion ICANN: WHOIS et nouvelles extensions La deuxième réunion ICANN 2007 est en cours aux Caraïbes. Premiers sujets abordés : le fonctionnement du WHOIS et le lancement de nouvelles extensions génériques. http://domainesinfo.fr/actualite/1242/etude-nom-de-domaine-et-referencement.php Le .DK agit contre le typosquatting Le registre de l’extension Danoise activera sa nouvelle charte le 1er juillet prochain. Il prévoit de supprimer toute tentative de typosquatting en .DK. http://domainesinfo.fr/extension/1244/danemark-le-dk-agit-contre-le-typosquatting.php Le domaine Internet poursuit son ascension De nouvelles adresses Internet, y compris des adresses écrites exclusivement dans une langue autre que l'anglais, pourraient bientôt voir le jour. L'ICANN, l'agence qui a juridiction sur la question, discutera de cette possibilité cette semaine à Puerto Rico, en plus de différentes propositions visant à accroître le nombre de noms de domaine disponibles. http://montreal.24heures.ca/Actualite/2007/06/26/4290373-sun.html Proponen crear el dominio de Internet '.lat' para latinos Unos 800 expertos en dominios de Internet de 90 países participan en un congreso de la ICANN en el que exploran la posibilidad de crear el dominio ".lat" para latinos. http://terra.com/noticias/articulo/html/act882252.htm http://www.laraza.com/news.php?nid=44760 http://www.emol.com/noticias/todas/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=260670 http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/433510.html De visita en la Isla padre de internet La creación de nuevos dominios, la integración de los alfabetos internacionales a las direcciones de las páginas cibernéticas, y una colosal expansión en la cantidad de páginas que podrán ser creadas son las próximas innovaciones y retos que encara la internet. http://endi.com/noticia/negocios/noticias/de_visita_en_la_isla_padre_de_internet/237145 Stories in Russian mentioning ICANN http://top.rbc.ru/society/26/06/2007/107490.shtml http://www.utro.ru/news/2007/06/26/658509.shtml +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Check out http://auda.org.au/domain-news/ for the most recent edition of the domain news, including an RSS feed - already online! The domain name news is supported by auDA. For information on subscriptions to the domain name and/or general internet news please contact me. For archives of postings to the list, see http://lists.technewsreview.com.au/pipermail/technewsreview/. Also see http://technewsreview.com.au/ for recent updates. Sources include Quicklinks <http://qlinks.net/> and BNA Internet Law News <http://www.bna.com/ilaw/>. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ (c) David Goldstein 2007 --------- David Goldstein address: 4/3 Abbott Street COOGEE NSW 2034 AUSTRALIA email: Goldstein_David @yahoo.com.au phone: +61 418 228 605 (mobile); +61 2 9665 5773 (home) "Every time you use fossil fuels, you're adding to the problem. Every time you forgo fossil fuels, you're being part of the solution" - Dr Tim Flannery ____________________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo!7 Mail has just got even bigger and better with unlimited storage on all webmail accounts. http://au.docs.yahoo.com/mail/unlimitedstorage.html _______________________________________________ APPLe mailing list [email protected] http://mailman.apnic.net/mailman/listinfo/apple
