Hi!
=== Summary
In `xhtml.conf`, the value of `[header]` must start with `<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="{encoding}"?>`.
=== Details
==== What actually happens
I often use input files encoded using ISO-8859-1.
To declare this to AsciiDoc, I use `:Encoding: iso-8859-1`.
When I try to locally open the asciidoc output files in Firefox, this works
fine with backends `html` and `slidy`.
When I use `--backend=xhtml11`, Firefox complains about the file being
invalid XML.
Firefox determines encoding like this:
1. HTTP header (does not apply to locally opening a file)
2. Byte Order Mark (for non-UTF encodings, there is no such convention
defined)
3. XML declaration (this is currently missing, which should be fixed)
4. Fallback to UTF-8 (this is where it fails for non-UTF-8 documents)
==== What should happen
The XHTML Specification (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#strict) says:
An XML declaration is [...] required when the character encoding of
the document is other than the default UTF-8 or UTF-16 and no
encoding was determined by a higher-level protocol.
AsciiDoc-generated XHTML fails to meet this requirement.
When a file is opened locally, there is no "higher-level protocol" such as
HTTP that might specify the encoding.
I expect AsciiDoc to produce output that is valid independently of the
transport protocol.
To achieve this, the XML declaration is effectively required for all files
that are encoded as neither UTF-8 nor UTF-16.
For simplicity and clarity, I'd always supply the XML encoding declaration,
even for UTF-8- or UTF-16-encoded documents that do not strictly need it..
I know that asciidoc includes this line in XHTML output:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="{quirks=application/xhtml+xml}{quirks?text/html};
charset={encoding}" />
However, this does not help to meet the requirement.
==== Workarounds
* Locally patch asciidoc's `xhtml.conf`.
* Manually or programmatically add the XML declaration after asciidoc is
done.
==== Solution
See the summary above.
Best Regards, Glaeserner
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