National Network

Deal with firm hand but provide escape route: Governor on ULFA
Samudra Gupta Kashyap
Posted online: Friday, January 26, 2007 at 0000 hrs
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/21738.html


Guwahati, January 25: Refraining from making any provocative remark on the
United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), Assam Governor Lt Gen Ajai Singh
(retd) said the militants need to be provided an "escape route" to solve the
problem.


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Interacting with the media at the Raj Bhavan on the eve of Republic Day, the
Governor commented, "Military thinker Mao Zedong had said, if you do not
give the enemy an escape route and push them too much to the wall, then they
will fight back with greater vigour." It was during Singh's tenure as the
GOC of Four Corps in Tezpur, in November 1990, that the government had
launched its first counter-insurgency offensive against the ULFA.

Stressing on the need to control the rebels with a firm hand, he said,
"Insurgency has to be fought with a silken glove, which has iron and steel
inside." He also appealed to the ULFA to abjure violence and come forward
for talks. "They have to surrender arms and there can be nothing short of
this," he added.

He also pointed out that since there was no guarantee that the ULFA would
not regroup and go back to violence, the government should not accede to the
demand for the release of the top five ULFA leaders before a decision on
direct dialogue. "How can you say they will not resort to violence (once you
release them)?" the Governor said. He, however, also said the militant
organisation was not in for talks. "They (the ULFA leaders) are not
interested. Otherwise they would have definitely come forward," he said,
while being hopeful that situation in the state would look up in the next
few days.

Speaking about the continuing violence and the police failure to contain it,
the Governor said it was not an easy task to ensure an incident-free
atmosphere. "How can you have an incident-free security atmosphere?" he
said, adding that every "small thing" in Assam was being blown out of
proportion. The Governor also pointed out that the ULFA's popularity was on
the decline. "There was a time when the ULFA had over a dozen militant
groups with it from across the region to call a boycott of functions like
Republic Day. Today, they are left with only three," Singh said.

GOING ROUND IN CIRCLES
WALTER FERNANDES
Fifth Column
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070126/asp/opinion/story_7278812.asp

In 2005, the United Liberation Front of Asom issued a manifesto. It made
clear statements on the economy but the political issues were vague. It said
that the socialist nation of Assam would have control over the economy,
especially tea. It mentioned 'sovereignty' but not independence. For the
first time, a militant outfit had spelt out its political and economic
thinking as a starting point for talks. A people's consultative group was
formed. The Centre's reaction was also positive.

But within weeks came the army crackdown on Ulfa. An explosion attributed to
Ulfa killed several children at Dhemaji on August 15, 2005. Within a day,
the person who had allegedly planted the bomb was killed in an encounter.
There have been more explosions in the last few months. Then came the
killing of Biharis in Upper Assam. As before, official spokespersons
attribute the explosions to Ulfa but produce no proof. The person, who
allegedly planted the bomb, was killed but the security forces have not
explained how they identified him within 24 hours when they were unable to
prevent the bombing. With each event the possibility of a dialogue recedes.

Neither the Ulfa nor the Centre is a monolith. Both have moderates and
hardliners. Some at the Centre want a dialogue but one dare not say the same
about the security forces and the outsiders who control the economy of the
North-east. Hardliners in the Ulfa speak of independence while the moderates
mention autonomy. Hardliners at the Centre view the North-east as a buffer
zone that the Centre should control. The hardliners are wary of any
dialogue. Besides, a long drawn conflict creates its own vested interests.
Autonomy is a threat to those who control the economy. Some extortionist
groups use the Ulfa banner while some hardliners see in peace a threat to
their own power.

Who is to blame?

The latest killings are almost surely a Ulfa handiwork, perhaps in reaction
to a "plebiscite" conducted on sovereignty. A majority of some 3,000,000
persons polled opposed sovereignty. A part of the print media claimed that
this was evidence of the Ulfa's isolation. The killings, two days later,
seem to be the hardliners' way of telling them not to take things for
granted. The target was clear. Immigrants pose a problem for the North-east.
The last census shows that Assam has an excess of some 40 lakh people, most
of them Bengali-speaking Muslims. The rest are Bihari and Nepali Hindus.

The Assamese view the outsiders as a threat to their identity and economy.
The latter encroach on their land. They also do low-paying jobs as
construction workers, rickshaw-pullers and others that the local people do
not take up easily. It is easy to direct the resentment towards the
immigrants since it is difficult to attack those who control the economy.
Besides, they pay 'taxes' on which the militant groups live.

The public reaction to the recent killings has been ambiguous. Response to
the bandh call was poor except in southern Assam, which has many
Bengali-speaking immigrants. But the political parties were clear in their
condemnation. Most state bodies demanded retribution but did not speak of
peace. The killings provided the security forces the legitimacy required to
take charge of the region. The consequent fear and resentment will get the
Ulfa many sympathizers. The Centre is partly to blame for this. It talks
only to the militant outfits and ignores the civil society that can create a
link between the opposing sides. Perhaps the state should place more faith
in the PCG.

For peace efforts to succeed, the Centre has to realize that the Ulfa
represents the socio-economic and political aspirations of the Assamese,
most of whom do not support its means. Assam needs a political process that
assures people of security. If repression remains the main tool, resentment
will grow and violence will follow.

I
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