The particular instance here is integer factorization.  A quick look through
intfact.spad reveals that integer factorization is implemented by trial
division, followed by Pollard's rho method - nothing very sophisticated.
The file itself claims: "We should also employ Lenstra's elliptic curve
method."  Yes, we should.  And the various modern sieving methods (quadratic
sieve, number field sieve, and so on).  Now, I'm no expert in this, and I
doubt I could program such things myself, but they do exist, either
stand-alone (as in Zimmermann et al's GMP-ECM), or as part of GPL software
such as LiDIA or Pari/GP.

Is there any system for importing such things into Axiom?  It seems to me
that if we have integer factorization, we should use the best methods
available, so how can it be done?

-Alasdair

P.S. I've decided for the coming semester to trial Axiom with my
cryptography students; it seems that Axiom is admirably suited for the
number theory, and string and list handling which cryptography (at least as
I teach it) requires.  So I'm having fun developing worksheets.
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