1. As was shown in my typescript, I am using IBM's "JDK" 1.3.1.
2. When I removes Xerces --- specifically, xercesImpl.jar and xmlParserAPIs.jar --- from my Axis RC2 WEB-INF/lib/, the validation succeeds! Note that Tomcat 4.0.4 ships with a "xerces.jar" in its common/lib/. I recommend a fix to the Axis documentation --- specifically, to Step 2 of the installation instructions, which currently say unconditionally to put an XML parser in Axis' WEB-INF/lib/. 3. In Tomcat's common/lib, if I replace xerces.jar with xercesImpl.jar and xmlParserAPIs.jar, Axis RC2's validation test also succeeds. 4. I have not tried upgrading to a more recent version of Tomcat. I am now having success with the 4.0.4 that I already have. Thanks, Mike