Does this sound familiar? I am running axis 1.1 under tomcat5.
In the service implementation, I generally just throw exceptions and I find that they seem to correctly become SOAPExceptions on the wire, but this doesn't seem to prevent the problem above. Anyway, how could client mishandling of SOAPExceptions possibly make the service side go permanently into throwing exceptions for all service calls, including those that previously worked.
Among the wierdness involved is that in this state, it does not suffice to restart tomcat. I have to also remove axis/WEB-INF/server-config.wsdd and redploy all my services, even though the result is an identical server-config.wsdd to the earlier one. Somewhere there is persistant state about deployment besides in server-config.wsdd????