dari mayoclinic.com
Membantu kita utk. mengetahui apa yang ada dibalik label produk2
anti-kuman, anti-bakteri, dll. Dan bahwa cuci tangan secara sederhana
saja sudah membantu menghindarkan diri dari kuman. 

-----------------

Do you have what it takes to fight germs?

August 21 1997

Some people fear germs so much they avoid touching 
bathroom doors; they pull their sleeve down over their 
hand so as not to touch pay phones or automatic teller 
machines (ATMs). They're reluctant to shake people's 
hands. Such excessive fear of germs has helped feed 
a trend in 'antibacterial' soaps, cleaning products and 
even toys. 

It's no wonder that antibacterial soaps are a $1 
billion-a-year business. Hardly a week goes by 
without stories of deadly viruses, food-poisoning 
outbreaks and "super bugs" resistant to antibiotics. 
We must need something "powerful" to stop these 
microscopic invaders from causing us harm, right? 
Actually, no. All we really need is appropriate use of 
ordinary soap and water. 

"Nothing beats diligent handwashing with soap and 
water when it comes to fighting bacteria," states 
Frank R. Cockerill, M.D., a microbiologist and 
infectious disease expert at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 
Minn. "Many people today have an irrational fear of 
germs and the market is responding to that fear with a 
wide range of 'antibacterial' products." 

"Virtually all soaps have an 'antibacterial effect,'" Dr. 
Cockerill says. "Soaps � antibacterial or not � help 
eliminate germs both by 'washing them away' and by 
disrupting the cell walls of bacteria, making it difficult 
for them to multiply." He cautions that while 
antibacterial soaps may claim to keep hands 
"cleaner" longer with the addition of an antibacterial 
compound, the scientific evidence to suggest just how 
much protection is offered, or for how long, is lacking.

What are 'antibacterial' products?

Antibacterial products currently include hand soaps 
and lotions; facial cleansers; dishwashing soaps; 
kitchen and bathroom cleaners; sponges; cutting 
boards, countertops and kitchen appliances; pillows, 
sheets and mattress pads; kitty litter; children's toys; 
socks and athletic shoes; and toothbrushes and 
toothpastes. 

The active ingredient in most antibacterial products is 
triclosan, an agent that damages the cell walls of 
bacteria, slowing their ability to multiply. Some 
products contain ethyl and/or isopropyl alcohol, 
antiseptics which also inhibit the growth of bacteria. 
Antibacterial toys are made of plastic that contains 
triclosan. The sponges contain ingredients to 
eliminate bacteria on the sponge itself, to prevent 
germs from being spread to surfaces. There are also 
appliances made of metal coated with antibacterial 
agents.

Handwashing wins hands down

Do these products offer greater protection against 
germ-related illnesses? Not really. Antibacterial 
products (if used at all) should be used in addition to 
diligent handwashing and other sanitary practices. 

Viruses, not bacteria, are what cause colds and 
influenza, and 'antibacterial' products don't kill viruses. 
Nor do they necessarily kill disease-causing fungi and 
parasites. Most germs do not live long outside the 
body, although a few can live for days or weeks. 
Germs can live on surfaces, but this is not a common 
way of spreading disease. 

You can be exposed to harmful bacteria from fecal 
material or from meat contaminated with fecal 
material. Vigorously washing your hands removes 
harmful bacteria, such as staphylococcus, 
streptococcus, E. coli and salmonella. These bacteria 
can cause illnesses such as skin infections, strep 
throat and food poisoning. 

To wash your hands well, rub your hands together 
vigorously with soap for 10 seconds and rinse with 
water. (The temperature of the water makes less 
difference; it's how scrupulously you wash.) Take your 
time. Let the water run long enough to carry away dirt 
and oils. (Soap works by suspending germs in water 
so they can be rinsed off.)

Respiratory viruses are spread primarily 
person-to-person. A person with a cold coughs into 
his hand and immediately shakes the hand of another 
person; that person then rubs her eyes or nose, and 
the virus has a new home. Again, handwashing � 
regardless of what kind of soap is used � is what will 
protect you. Also using common sense � such as not 
sharing food, drinks or eating utensils when you have 
a cold or flu and thoroughly cooking meat � do more 
to protect than use of any antibacterial product. 

For household cleaning in the kitchen and bathroom, 
ordinary cleaners (ammonia, bleach, chlorine) kill 
germs as effectively as more expensive antibacterial 
products. 

Dr. Cockerill suggests cleaning up food spills 
immediately and washing dish towels and sponges 
everyday. "I recommend putting sponges, cleaning 
brushes and dish cloths right in the dishwasher when 
you run it," he adds. "The important thing is to not let 
rags stay wet � an environment conducive to 
bacteria growth � and then continue to use them."

Are antibacterial products ever more 
useful?

Antibacterial soaps may offer greater protection than 
regular soaps if you have an open cut or sore on your 
hand that could become infected or if you are 
immune-compromised. They also have a place in 
hospitals, restaurants and child care centers, where 
the level of sanitation must be at its highest. (Also, 
bacteria grow in soap dishes, so consider using liquid 
soap in a dispenser.)

The downside is that antibacterial soaps are more 
concentrated than regular soaps, so they may be 
harsher to those with sensitive skin. The Food and 
Drug Administration (FDA) is also concerned about 
the small but very real potential that overuse of 
antibacterial products could lead to new strains of 
resistant bacteria. The irony there would be that 
products created to fight "super bugs" could actually 
help create them. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 
oversees use of triclosan in plastic products. The 
agency has found the products to be safe for 
consumers. However, several manufacturers have 
been told to stop making bold claims that their 
products actually protect people from infectious 
diseases caused by bacteria. "Antibacterial products 
reduce counts of bacteria on the surface of the 
products themselves," Dr. Cockerill explains, "but that 
doesn't guarantee you won't ever get ill if you use 
them."

Not all germs are bad

However, no matter what kind of soap you use, you'll 
never be able to kill every single germ on your hands. 
Beyond handwashing, your best defense against 
viruses and bacteria is your skin and your body's 
immune system. 

Some bacteria are actually helpful; they reside on our 
skin or inside our gastrointestinal tract. These 
bacteria are necessary to fight other bacteria, and 
some simply prepare us for more virulent strains by 
building up our resistance. 

Your best defense, then, against fighting germs is 
actually something money can't buy: common sense. 
Wash your hands!

-- 
   O 
_/)(\_     |~          Salam,
 /~~\    o'  |~        Rien.
/_  _\      o'  
  ^ ^


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