he is a -------------------(guess ?)
has no knowledge a about FSF & Open Source
and the quality of linux software
*********************************
he should in our /etc/black.list
*********************************
==================================================================
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
The Free Software Definition
We maintain this free software definition to show clearly what must
be true about a particular software program for it to be considered
free software.
``Free software'' is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand
the concept, you should think of ``free'' as in ``free speech,'' not
as in ``free beer.''
Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy,
distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely,
it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the software:
The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your
needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for
this.
The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
(freedom 2).
The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to
the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access
to the source code is a precondition for this.
A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms.
Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or
without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for
distribution, to anyone anywhere. Being free to do these things
means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for
permission.
You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that
they exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be
required to notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
The freedom to use a program means the freedom for any kind of
person or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for
any kind of overall job, and without being required to communicate
subsequently with the developer or any other specific entity.
The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or
executable forms of the program, as well as source code, for both
modified and unmodified versions. (Distributing programs in runnable
form is necessary for conveniently installable free operating
systems.) It is ok if there is no way to produce a binary or
executable form for a certain program (since some languages don't
support that feature), but you must have the freedom to redistribute
such forms should you find or develop a way to make them.
In order for the freedoms to make changes, and to publish improved
versions, to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code
of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a
necessary condition for free software.
One important way to modify a program is by merging in available
free subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you
cannot merge in an existing module, such as if it requires you to be
the copyright holder of any code you add, then the license is too
restrictive to qualify as free.
In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be irrevocable as
long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has
the power to revoke the license, without your doing anything to give
cause, the software is not free.
However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing
free software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the
central freedoms. For example, copyleft (very simply stated) is the
rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add
restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. This rule
does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects
them.
You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may
have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got
your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the
software, even to sell copies.
``Free software'' does not mean ``non-commercial''. A free program
must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and
commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software is
no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if
they don't substantively block your freedom to release modified
versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions
privately. Rules that ``if you make your version available in this
way, you must make it available in that way also'' can be acceptable
too, on the same condition. (Note that such a rule still leaves you
the choice of whether to publish your version at all.) Rules that
require release of source code to the users for versions that you
put into public use are also acceptable. It is also acceptable for
the license to require that, if you have distributed a modified
version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must
send one, or that you identify yourself on your modifications.
In the GNU project, we use ``copyleft'' to protect these freedoms
legally for everyone. But non-copylefted free software also exists.
We believe there are important reasons why it is better to use
copyleft, but if your program is non-copylefted free software, we
can still use it.
See Categories of Free Software for a description of how ``free
software,'' ``copylefted software'' and other categories of software
relate to each other.
Sometimes government export control regulations and trade sanctions
can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of programs
internationally. Software developers do not have the power to
eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must
do is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In
this way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people
outside the jurisdictions of these governments.
Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are
limits on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through
copyright. If a copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways
described above, it is unlikely to have some other sort of problem
that we never anticipated (though this does happen occasionally).
However, some free software licenses are based on contracts, and
contracts can impose a much larger range of possible restrictions.
That means there are many possible ways such a license could be
unacceptably restrictive and non-free.
We can't possibly list all the possible contract restrictions that
would be unacceptable. If a contract-based license restricts the
user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses cannot, and
which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think
about it, and we will probably decide it is non-free.
When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
like ``give away'' or ``for free'', because those terms imply that
the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as
``piracy'' embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See Confusing
Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding for a discussion of these
terms. We also have a list of translations of "free software" into
various languages.
Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free
software definition require careful thought for their
interpretation. To decide whether a specific software license
qualifies as a free software license, we judge it based on these
criteria to determine whether it fits their spirit as well as the
precise words. If a license includes unconscionable restrictions, we
reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue in these
criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue that calls
for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer, before
we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach a
conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make
it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a
free software license, see our list of licenses. If the license you
are concerned with is not listed there, you can ask us about it by
sending us email at <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>.
If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
FSF by writing to that address. The proliferation of different free
software licenses means increased work for users in understanding
the licenses; we may be able to help you find an existing Free
Software license that meets your needs.
If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
help you can ensure that the license really is a Free Software
license and avoid various practical problems.
==================================================================
Free means freedom
--- In [email protected], Sajed Chowdhury <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> " à¦'¦à¦®à¦¾à¦¦à§'§à¦° দà§'§à¦¶à§'§à¦°à¦'³
à¦'¥à¦¨à§'§à¦'µà§'§à¦'§
à¦'¯à¦'µà¦¥à¦¾ বলà§'§à¦¨ যà§'§, à¦'³à¦ªà§'§à¦¨
সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যার à¦'¯à¦¬à¦'¢ ফà§'রà§'
সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যারà¦'§
> হà¦'ºà§'à¦'»à§'§ à¦'¦à¦®à¦¾à¦¦à§'§à¦°
à¦à¦¬à¦¿à¦·à§'যত৷
à¦'¦à¦®à¦¿ à¦'³à¦ªà§'§à¦¨ সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যার
বা
ফà§'রà§' সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যারà§'§à¦°
বিপà¦'µà§'ষà§'§
> নà¦'§à§· যদি à¦'¦à¦®à¦¾à¦° à¦'¼à¦¨à§'য
à¦'µà§'«à¦¨à§'«
সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যার à¦'µà§'§à¦'© শà¦'¶
à¦'µà¦°à§'§ ডà§'§à¦
à§'§à¦²à¦ª à¦'µà¦°à§'§à¦¨ à¦'¯à¦¬à¦'¢ তা
> বিনামà§'¢à¦²à§'যà§'§ à¦'¦à¦®à¦¿
বà§'¨à¦§à¦à¦¾à¦¬à§'§
বà§'যবহার à¦'µà¦°à¦¤à§'§ পারি
তবà§'§
তাতà§'§ à¦'¦à¦ªà¦¤à§'তি à¦'µà§'«à¦¥à¦¾à§'¿?
à¦'¦à¦®à¦¿
> সà§'§à¦'¼à¦¨à§'যà¦'§ à¦'µà§'§à¦'© যদি
লিনাà¦'µà§'স
বà§'যবহার à¦'µà¦°à§'§à¦¨ তবà§'§
তার
বিরà§'«à¦§à¦¿à¦¤à¦¾ à¦'µà¦°à¦¤à§'§ à¦'ºà¦¾à¦'§
না৷ বরà¦'¢
> à¦'©à¦'§à¦¨à§'ডà§'«à¦'¼- à¦'¯à¦° à¦'ºà§'§à§'¿à§'§
à¦'¥à¦¨à§'§à¦'µ
à¦'µà§'ষà§'§à¦¤à§'রà§'§à¦'§ লিনাà¦'µà§'স
à¦'¥à¦¨à§'§à¦'µ
বà§'§à¦¶à¦¿ à¦'µà¦¾à¦°à§'যà¦'µà¦°à§·
à¦'¦à¦®à¦¾à¦¦à§'§à¦°
দà§'§à¦¶à§'§à¦°
> যারা à¦'¦à¦'§à¦'¯à¦¸à¦ªà¦¿ à¦'ºà¦¾à¦²à¦¾à¦¨,
তাদà§'§à¦°
শতà¦'µà¦°à¦¾ পà§'রাà§'¿ ৯৯ à¦'¼à¦¨
লিনাà¦'µà§'স
বà§'যবহার à¦'µà¦°à§'§à¦¨à§·
> লিনাà¦'µà§'স তাদà§'§à¦° à¦'¼à¦¨à§'য
সà§'§à¦°à¦¾
সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যার৷ তাà¦'»à¦¾à§'¼à¦¾
à¦'¯à¦'¿à¦¿
বà§'¨à¦§à¦à¦¾à¦¬à§'§ পাà¦'³à§'¿à¦¾
> বিনামà§'¢à¦²à§'যà§'§à¦° পণà§'য৷ ...
যারা
à¦'¯à¦®à¦¨à¦'µà¦¿ বাà¦'¢à¦²à¦¾ লà§'§à¦'¶à§'§à¦¨,
তারাà¦'³
à¦'§à¦¨à§'à¦'¿à¦¾à¦°à¦¨à§'§à¦'¿ থà§'§à¦'µà§'§
> ফà§'রà§' সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যার
ডাà¦'©à¦¨à¦²à§'«à¦¡
à¦'µà¦°à§'§ নিতà§'§ পারà§'§à¦¨à§· à¦'¦à¦®à¦¿
সà§'§à¦'§
পà§'রà¦'ºà§'§à¦·à§'à¦'¿à¦¾à¦'µà§'§ সমরà§'থন
à¦'µà¦°à¦¿à§·
> à¦'¦à¦®à¦¾à¦¦à§'§à¦° à¦à§'§à¦¨à§'ডররা
নিরà§'দà§'বিধাà§'¿ সব
à¦'µà¦®à§'পিà¦'©à¦'¿à¦¾à¦°à§'§ লিনাà¦'µà§'স
à¦'¥à¦ªà¦¾à¦°à§'§à¦'¿à¦¿à¦'¢ সিসà§'à¦'¿à§'§à¦®
> à¦'§à¦¨à§'সà¦'¿à¦² à¦'µà¦°à§'§ দিতà§'§
পারà§'§à¦¨à§·
à¦'¯à¦° সà¦'¹à§'à¦'·à§'§ à¦'³à¦ªà§'§à¦¨ à¦'¥à¦«à¦¿à¦¸
বা à¦'¦à¦°à§'«
নতà§'¡à¦¨ নতà§'¡à¦¨
> লিনাà¦'µà§'সà¦à¦¿à¦¤à§'তিà¦'µ
সফà¦'¿à¦'³à§'¿à§'যার লà§'«à¦¡ à¦'µà¦°à§'§
দিতà§'§
পারà§'§à¦¨à§·"
>
> ref: http://www.cbichitrabd.com/mostofajabbar%5D.pdf
To unsubscribe send a blank mail to:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Yahoo! Groups Links
<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bdlug/
<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
