${ltrs} is a variable that you declared earlier. It denotes \w, which is
a reg expression for any word character (alpha-numeric). The ${gunk} is
uses to represent any not understood character which was declared two
lines before it.

I assume that $any is used thereafter someplace to represent a regular
expression consisting of alpha-numerics, punctuation and characters that
are in the gunk set.

-- Nestor

-----Original Message-----
From: Pam Derks [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] 
Sent: Thursday, January 03, 2002 6:17 PM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: newbie question


I've been trying to understand program 6.21 in the Perl Cookbook, which
changes URLs to html links  here's a snippet:

 #!/usr/bin/perl

 $urls = '{http|telnet|gopher|file|wais|ftp');
 $ltrs = '\w';
 $gunk = '/#~:.?+=&%!\-';
 $punc = '.:?@\-';
 $any = "${ltrs}${gunk}${punc}";

 I understand what $any is, but
 what exactly is ${ltrs}  or ${gunk}  ??
 is this an anonymous hash

 thanks for any help,
 Pam 

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