*biointelligence.in* *21st december 2009*
Hey People, Here is an article on Careers in Bioinformatics. It gives an insight of what actually is required ... and how it can be achieved. Check it out !! ------------------------------ Bioinformatics, the use of computer technology to manage biological information, made its spectacular debut a few years ago, as the first trickles of gene sequence information from the Human Genome Program (HGP) and other sequencing projects grew into a deluge. Individuals with the skills to work on the interface between molecular biology and computer science instantly became some of the most sought-after job applicants in the biopharma world. With about 3 billion base pairs on its agenda, and a target completion date of 2005, HGP alone should foster a continuing explosion of data and a robust job market for computational biologists. "Career opportunities in bioinformatics are very, very good," said John M. Greene, senior staff scientist, bioinformatics research, at Gene Logic Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland. "It seems that every time you turn around a company has decided to set up a bioinformatics group, or expand an existing group. Many scientists are turning their careers in this direction." But Greene notes that breaking into the field may not be as simple as all the talk about a feeding frenzy for personnel suggests. He cites the common misperception that a person can take a course in C, the programming language, acquire some database knowledge, and be deluged with high-paying job offers. Salaries around the six-figure mark are possible in bioinformatics, but getting them or even an entry-level position requires more planning than was common in the past. Not many of today's bioinformatics people planned it. Many started out doing something else, entered the field before it had a name, and learned key skills on the job. Some were computer scientists who learned biology. Others were life scientists who learned computing. After getting a Ph.D. in genetics from Harvard University, Greene did a postdoc, and worked for almost a year at a start-up antisense company. His career path led to Human Genome Sciences (HGS) and a job that involved substantial Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to identify genes with possible medical applications. BLAST programs are basic tools for searching DNA and protein databases for sequence similarities. Greene liked the work and finally switched into bioinformatics full time at HGS. He recently moved up to Gene Logic, which offers pharmaceutical companies technology to speed up development of drug targets. Gene Logic has a proprietary technology that identifies changes in gene expression associated with disease. It is developing a flow-through DNA chip to gauge drug efficacy and toxicity by analyzing gene changes, and an object-oriented database of gene expression patterns to identify new drug targets. Strongest demand today exists for individuals with degrees in the life sciences and computer sciences, and multiple years of programming and database development experience, Greene says. Typical combinations include a Ph.D. in molecular biology, cell biology, or biochemistry and a B.S. in computer sciences. Life science Ph.D's, largely self-taught in key computer skills, with industry experience, have good opportunities. People who emerge from the few doctoral programs in bioinformatics also will be "incredibly marketable," especially those with industry experience. This range of individuals, very difficult to find, often wind up heading bioinformatics departments or programs. At the staff scientist and senior staff scientist levels, biopharma companies now tend to place emphasis on applicants with computer science skills. That's largely because databases and search tools are still being developed. Greene thinks that emphasis will shift in a few years to interpreting information in databases. Companies will then look for individuals who first and foremost are biologists but have key computational skills. What are those skills? Greene's list includes knowledge of UNIX, the operating system used for many computational biology programs; a good grasp of the concept of relational databases, which are the heart of bioinformatics; and skill with Structured Query Language (SQL), a language used to query databases. In the future, knowledge of object-oriented databases may be increasingly important. Programming skills also are essential. Skills with C, the programming language, will help individuals learn Perl, the scripting language widely used in bioinformatics. Object-oriented languages, such as Java, will be increasingly important. Expert knowledge of sequence-analysis programs like BLAST and FASTA is critical. Web skills, of course, are necessary, including the ability to write some Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). What gives one applicant an edge over another? Recruiters get excited over applicants who have applied computational biology skills in a practical way. The individual who wrote a program, for instance, and used it in thesis or postdoctoral work, might have an advantage over a similar individual who just took programming courses."For individuals who thrill at being on the cutting edge of science, with the skills to excel in two very different worlds, bioinformatics can be an extraordinarily good career," Greene said. "For me, the switch was the best step I've taken in the last decade." Dedicated to your Success !! 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