I committed the following, which implements default %printer's and %destructor's. I'll get to per-types later.
Joel Index: ChangeLog =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/ChangeLog,v retrieving revision 1.1539 diff -p -u -r1.1539 ChangeLog --- ChangeLog 29 Jul 2006 04:11:32 -0000 1.1539 +++ ChangeLog 29 Jul 2006 05:34:37 -0000 @@ -1,5 +1,49 @@ 2006-07-29 Joel E. Denny <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> + Enable declaration of default %printer/%destructor. Make the parser + use these for all user-declared grammar symbols for which the user does + not declare a specific %printer/%destructor. Thus, the parser uses it + for token 0 if the user declares it but not if Bison generates it as + $end. Discussed starting at + <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bison-patches/2006-02/msg00064.html>, + <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bison-patches/2006-06/msg00091.html>, + and + <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bison-patches/2006-07/msg00019.html>. + * NEWS (2.3+): Mention. + * doc/bison.texinfo (Actions in Mid-Rule): It's no longer impossible to + declare a %destructor for a mid-rule's semantic value. It's just + impossible to declare one specific to it. + (Freeing Discarded Symbols): Mention that @$ can be used in %destructor + code. Describe default %destructor form. + * src/parse-gram.y (grammar_declaration): Parse default + %printer/%destructor declarations. + * src/output.c (symbol_destructors_output): Use symbol_destructor_get + and symbol_destructor_location_get rather than accessing the destructor + and destructor_location members of struct symbol. + (symbol_printers_output): Likewise but for %printer's. + * src/reader.c (symbol_should_be_used): Likewise but for %destructor's + again. + * src/symtab.c (default_destructor, default_destructor_location, + default_printer, default_printer_location): New static global + variables to record the default %destructor and %printer. + (symbol_destructor_get, symbol_destructor_location_get, + symbol_printer_get, symbol_printer_location_get): New functions to + compute the appropriate %destructor and %printer for a symbol. + (default_destructor_set, default_printer_set): New functions to set the + default %destructor and %printer. + * src/symtab.h: Prototype all those new functions. + * tests/actions.at (Default %printer and %destructor): New test to + check that the right %printer and %destructor are called, that they're + not called for $end, and that $$ and @$ work correctly. + (Default %printer and %destructor for user-declared end token): New + test to check that the default %printer and %destructor are called for + a user-declared end token. + * tests/input.at (Default %printer and %destructor redeclared, Unused + values with default %destructor): New tests to check related grammar + warnings and errors. + +2006-07-29 Joel E. Denny <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> + Clean up handling of %destructor for the end token (token 0). Discussed starting at <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bison-patches/2006-07/msg00019.html> Index: NEWS =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/NEWS,v retrieving revision 1.155 diff -p -u -r1.155 NEWS --- NEWS 9 Jul 2006 20:36:32 -0000 1.155 +++ NEWS 29 Jul 2006 05:34:37 -0000 @@ -12,6 +12,23 @@ Changes in version 2.3+: * Locations columns and lines start at 1. In accordance with the GNU Coding Standards and Emacs. +* You may now declare a default %destructor and %printer: + + For example: + + %union { char *string; } + %token <string> STRING1 + %token <string> STRING2 + %type <string> string1 + %type <string> string2 + %destructor { free ($$); } + %destructor { free ($$); printf ("%d", @$.first_line); } STRING1 string1 + + guarantees that, when the parser discards any user-declared symbol, it passes + its semantic value to `free'. However, when the parser discards a `STRING1' + or a `string1', it also prints its line number to `stdout'. It performs only + the second `%destructor' in this case, so it invokes `free' only once. + * Except for LALR(1) parsers in C with POSIX Yacc emulation enabled (with `-y', `--yacc', or `%yacc'), Bison no longer generates #define statements for associating token numbers with token names. Removing the #define statements Index: doc/bison.texinfo =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/doc/bison.texinfo,v retrieving revision 1.198 diff -p -u -r1.198 bison.texinfo --- doc/bison.texinfo 10 Jul 2006 00:37:25 -0000 1.198 +++ doc/bison.texinfo 29 Jul 2006 05:34:41 -0000 @@ -3348,8 +3348,8 @@ it might discard the previous semantic c restoring it. Thus, @code{$<context>5} needs a destructor (@pxref{Destructor Decl, , Freeing Discarded Symbols}). -However, Bison currently provides no means to declare a destructor for a -mid-rule action's semantic value. +However, Bison currently provides no means to declare a destructor specific to +a particular mid-rule action's semantic value. One solution is to bury the mid-rule action inside a nonterminal symbol and to declare a destructor for that symbol: @@ -4007,26 +4007,40 @@ symbol is automatically discarded. Invoke the braced @var{code} whenever the parser discards one of the @var{symbols}. Within @var{code}, @code{$$} designates the semantic value associated -with the discarded symbol. The additional parser parameters are also -available (@pxref{Parser Function, , The Parser Function [EMAIL PROTECTED]). +with the discarded symbol, and @code{@@$} designates its location. +The additional parser parameters are also available (@pxref{Parser Function, , +The Parser Function @code{yyparse}}). [EMAIL PROTECTED] deffn + [EMAIL PROTECTED] {Directive} %destructor @{ @var{code} @} [EMAIL PROTECTED] default %destructor +Invoke the braced @var{code} whenever the parser discards any user-declared +grammar symbol for which the user has not specifically declared any [EMAIL PROTECTED] +This is known as the default @code{%destructor}. +As in the previous form, @code{$$}, @code{@@$}, and the additional parser +parameters are available. @end deffn For instance: @smallexample -%union [EMAIL PROTECTED] - char *string; [EMAIL PROTECTED] -%token <string> STRING -%type <string> string -%destructor @{ free ($$); @} STRING string +%union @{ char *string; @} +%token <string> STRING1 +%token <string> STRING2 +%type <string> string1 +%type <string> string2 +%destructor @{ free ($$); @} +%destructor @{ free ($$); printf ("%d", @@$.first_line); @} STRING1 string1 @end smallexample @noindent -guarantees that when a @code{STRING} or a @code{string} is discarded, -its associated memory will be freed. +guarantees that, when the parser discards any user-declared symbol, it passes +its semantic value to @code{free}. +However, when the parser discards a @code{STRING1} or a @code{string1}, it also +prints its line number to @code{stdout}. +It performs only the second @code{%destructor} in this case, so it invokes [EMAIL PROTECTED] only once. @sp 1 Index: src/output.c =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/src/output.c,v retrieving revision 1.251 diff -p -u -r1.251 output.c --- src/output.c 9 Jul 2006 20:36:33 -0000 1.251 +++ src/output.c 29 Jul 2006 05:34:41 -0000 @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ symbol_destructors_output (FILE *out) fputs ("m4_define([b4_symbol_destructors], \n[", out); for (i = 0; i < nsyms; ++i) - if (symbols[i]->destructor) + if (symbol_destructor_get (symbols[i])) { symbol *sym = symbols[i]; @@ -399,10 +399,12 @@ symbol_destructors_output (FILE *out) destructor, optional typename. */ fprintf (out, "%s[", sep); sep = ",\n"; - escaped_output (out, sym->destructor_location.start.file); - fprintf (out, ", %d, ", sym->destructor_location.start.line); + escaped_output (out, symbol_destructor_location_get (sym).start.file); + fprintf (out, ", %d, ", + symbol_destructor_location_get (sym).start.line); escaped_output (out, sym->tag); - fprintf (out, ", %d, [[%s]]", sym->number, sym->destructor); + fprintf (out, ", %d, [[%s]]", sym->number, + symbol_destructor_get (sym)); if (sym->type_name) fprintf (out, ", [[%s]]", sym->type_name); fputc (']', out); @@ -423,7 +425,7 @@ symbol_printers_output (FILE *out) fputs ("m4_define([b4_symbol_printers], \n[", out); for (i = 0; i < nsyms; ++i) - if (symbols[i]->printer) + if (symbol_printer_get (symbols[i])) { symbol *sym = symbols[i]; @@ -432,10 +434,10 @@ symbol_printers_output (FILE *out) printer, optional typename. */ fprintf (out, "%s[", sep); sep = ",\n"; - escaped_output (out, sym->printer_location.start.file); - fprintf (out, ", %d, ", sym->printer_location.start.line); + escaped_output (out, symbol_printer_location_get (sym).start.file); + fprintf (out, ", %d, ", symbol_printer_location_get (sym).start.line); escaped_output (out, sym->tag); - fprintf (out, ", %d, [[%s]]", sym->number, sym->printer); + fprintf (out, ", %d, [[%s]]", sym->number, symbol_printer_get (sym)); if (sym->type_name) fprintf (out, ", [[%s]]", sym->type_name); fputc (']', out); Index: src/parse-gram.y =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/src/parse-gram.y,v retrieving revision 1.87 diff -p -u -r1.87 parse-gram.y --- src/parse-gram.y 13 Jul 2006 20:05:34 -0000 1.87 +++ src/parse-gram.y 29 Jul 2006 05:34:43 -0000 @@ -261,6 +261,10 @@ grammar_declaration: { grammar_start_symbol_set ($2, @2); } +| "%destructor" "{...}" + { + default_destructor_set (translate_symbol_action ($2, @2), @2); + } | "%destructor" "{...}" symbols.1 { symbol_list *list; @@ -277,6 +281,10 @@ grammar_declaration: symbol_printer_set (list->sym, action, @2); symbol_list_free ($3); } +| "%printer" "{...}" + { + default_printer_set (translate_symbol_action ($2, @2), @2); + } | "%default-prec" { default_prec = true; Index: src/reader.c =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/src/reader.c,v retrieving revision 1.266 diff -p -u -r1.266 reader.c --- src/reader.c 29 Jul 2006 04:11:33 -0000 1.266 +++ src/reader.c 29 Jul 2006 05:34:43 -0000 @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ grammar_current_rule_begin (symbol *lhs, static bool symbol_should_be_used (symbol_list const *s) { - return (s->sym->destructor + return (symbol_destructor_get (s->sym) || (s->midrule && s->midrule->used)); } Index: src/symtab.c =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/src/symtab.c,v retrieving revision 1.73 diff -p -u -r1.73 symtab.c --- src/symtab.c 7 Jul 2006 21:25:03 -0000 1.73 +++ src/symtab.c 29 Jul 2006 05:34:43 -0000 @@ -41,6 +41,15 @@ symbol *accept = NULL; symbol *startsymbol = NULL; location startsymbol_location; +/*-----------------------------------. +| Default %destructor and %printer. | +`-----------------------------------*/ + +static const char *default_destructor = NULL; +static location default_destructor_location; +static const char *default_printer = NULL; +static location default_printer_location; + /*---------------------------------. | Create a new symbol, named TAG. | `---------------------------------*/ @@ -147,6 +156,33 @@ symbol_destructor_set (symbol *sym, cons } } +/*---------------------------------------. +| Get the computed %destructor for SYM. | +`---------------------------------------*/ + +const char * +symbol_destructor_get (symbol *sym) +{ + /* Token 0 cannot have a %destructor unless the user renames it. */ + if (UNIQSTR_EQ (sym->tag, uniqstr_new ("$end"))) + return NULL; + + if (sym->destructor != NULL) + return sym->destructor; + return default_destructor; +} + +/*---------------------------------------------------------------. +| Get the grammar location of the %destructor computed for SYM. | +`---------------------------------------------------------------*/ + +location +symbol_destructor_location_get (symbol *sym) +{ + if (sym->destructor != NULL) + return sym->destructor_location; + return default_destructor_location; +} /*---------------------------------------------------------------. | Set the PRINTER associated with SYM. Do nothing if passed 0. | @@ -164,6 +200,34 @@ symbol_printer_set (symbol *sym, const c } } +/*------------------------------------. +| Get the computed %printer for SYM. | +`------------------------------------*/ + +const char * +symbol_printer_get (symbol *sym) +{ + /* Token 0 cannot have a %printer unless the user renames it. */ + if (UNIQSTR_EQ (sym->tag, uniqstr_new ("$end"))) + return NULL; + + if (sym->printer != NULL) + return sym->printer; + return default_printer; +} + +/*------------------------------------------------------------. +| Get the grammar location of the %printer computed for SYM. | +`------------------------------------------------------------*/ + +location +symbol_printer_location_get (symbol *sym) +{ + if (sym->printer != NULL) + return sym->printer_location; + return default_printer_location; +} + /*-----------------------------------------------------------------. | Set the PRECEDENCE associated with SYM. Does nothing if invoked | @@ -666,3 +730,32 @@ symbols_pack (void) _("the start symbol %s is a token"), startsymbol->tag); } + + +/*-----------------------------------. +| Set default %destructor/%printer. | +`-----------------------------------*/ + +void +default_destructor_set (const char *destructor, location loc) +{ + if (default_destructor != NULL) + { + complain_at (loc, _("redeclaration for default %%destructor")); + complain_at (default_destructor_location, _("previous declaration")); + } + default_destructor = destructor; + default_destructor_location = loc; +} + +void +default_printer_set (const char *printer, location loc) +{ + if (default_printer != NULL) + { + complain_at (loc, _("redeclaration for default %%printer")); + complain_at (default_printer_location, _("previous declaration")); + } + default_printer = printer; + default_printer_location = loc; +} Index: src/symtab.h =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/src/symtab.h,v retrieving revision 1.62 diff -p -u -r1.62 symtab.h --- src/symtab.h 27 Jun 2006 14:09:54 -0000 1.62 +++ src/symtab.h 29 Jul 2006 05:34:43 -0000 @@ -61,16 +61,35 @@ struct symbol /** The location of its first occurrence. */ location location; - /** Its %type and associated printer and destructor. */ + /** Its \c \%type. */ uniqstr type_name; + /** Its \c \%type's location. */ location type_location; - /** Does not own the memory. */ + /** Any \c \%destructor declared specifically for this symbol. + + Access this field only through <tt>symbol</tt>'s interface functions. For + example, if <tt>symbol::destructor = NULL</tt>, the default + \c \%destructor or a per-type \c \%destructor might be appropriate, and + \c symbol_destructor_get will compute the correct one. */ const char *destructor; + + /** The location of \c symbol::destructor. + + Access this field only through <tt>symbol</tt>'s interface functions. + \sa symbol::destructor */ location destructor_location; - /** Printer. */ + /** Any \c \%printer declared specifically for this symbol. + + Access this field only through <tt>symbol</tt>'s interface functions. + \sa symbol::destructor */ const char *printer; + + /** The location of \c symbol::printer. + + Access this field only through <tt>symbol</tt>'s interface functions. + \sa symbol::destructor */ location printer_location; symbol_number number; @@ -125,9 +144,25 @@ void symbol_type_set (symbol *sym, uniqs /** Set the \c destructor associated with \c sym. */ void symbol_destructor_set (symbol *sym, const char *destructor, location loc); +/** Get the computed \c \%destructor for \c sym, or \c NULL if none. */ +const char *symbol_destructor_get (symbol *sym); + +/** Get the grammar location of the computed \c \%destructor for \c sym. + + \pre <tt>symbol_destructor_get (sym) != NULL</tt> */ +location symbol_destructor_location_get (symbol *sym); + /** Set the \c printer associated with \c sym. */ void symbol_printer_set (symbol *sym, const char *printer, location loc); +/** Get the computed \c \%printer for \c sym, or \c NULL if none. */ +const char *symbol_printer_get (symbol *sym); + +/** Get the grammar location of the computed \c \%printer for \c sym. + + \pre <tt>symbol_printer_get (sym) != NULL</tt> */ +location symbol_printer_location_get (symbol *sym); + /* Set the \c precedence associated with \c sym. Ensure that \a symbol is a terminal. @@ -155,7 +190,7 @@ extern symbol *accept; /** The user start symbol. */ extern symbol *startsymbol; -/** The location of the \c %start declaration. */ +/** The location of the \c \%start declaration. */ extern location startsymbol_location; @@ -181,4 +216,15 @@ void symbols_check_defined (void); #token_translations. */ void symbols_pack (void); + +/*-----------------------------------. +| Default %destructor and %printer. | +`-----------------------------------*/ + +/** Set the default \c \%destructor. */ +void default_destructor_set (const char *destructor, location loc); + +/** Set the default \c \%printer. */ +void default_printer_set (const char *printer, location loc); + #endif /* !SYMTAB_H_ */ Index: tests/actions.at =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/tests/actions.at,v retrieving revision 1.61 diff -p -u -r1.61 actions.at --- tests/actions.at 29 Jul 2006 04:11:33 -0000 1.61 +++ tests/actions.at 29 Jul 2006 05:34:43 -0000 @@ -575,3 +575,202 @@ AT_CHECK_PRINTER_AND_DESTRUCTOR([%define AT_CHECK_PRINTER_AND_DESTRUCTOR([%glr-parser]) AT_CHECK_PRINTER_AND_DESTRUCTOR([%glr-parser], [with union]) + + + + + +## --------------------------------- ## +## Default %printer and %destructor. ## +## --------------------------------- ## + +# Check that the right %printer and %destructor are called, that they're not +# called for $end, and that $$ and @$ work correctly. + +AT_SETUP([Default %printer and %destructor]) + +AT_DATA_GRAMMAR([[input.y]], +[[%error-verbose +%debug +%locations +%initial-action { + @$.first_line = @$.last_line = 1; + @$.first_column = @$.last_column = 1; +} + +%{ +# include <stdio.h> +# include <stdlib.h> + static void yyerror (const char *msg); + static int yylex (void); +# define USE(SYM) +%} + +%printer { + fprintf (yyoutput, "Default printer for '%c' @ %d", $$, @$.first_column); +} +%destructor { + fprintf (stdout, "Default destructor for '%c' @ %d.\n", $$, @$.first_column); +} + +%printer { + fprintf (yyoutput, "'b'/'c' printer for '%c' @ %d", $$, @$.first_column); +} 'b' 'c' +%destructor { + fprintf (stdout, "'b'/'c' destructor for '%c' @ %d.\n", $$, @$.first_column); +} 'b' 'c' + +%% + +start: 'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' 'e' { $$ = 'S'; USE(($1, $2, $3, $4, $5)); } ; + +%% + +static int +yylex (void) +{ + static const char *input = "abcd"; + static int column = 1; + yylval = *input++; + yylloc.first_line = yylloc.last_line = 1; + yylloc.first_column = yylloc.last_column = column++; + return yylval; +} + +static void +yyerror (const char *msg) +{ + fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", msg); +} + +int +main (void) +{ + yydebug = 1; + return yyparse (); +} +]]) + +AT_CHECK([bison -o input.c input.y]) +AT_COMPILE([input]) +AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input], 1, +[[Default destructor for 'd' @ 4. +'b'/'c' destructor for 'c' @ 3. +'b'/'c' destructor for 'b' @ 2. +Default destructor for 'a' @ 1. +]], +[[Starting parse +Entering state 0 +Reading a token: Next token is token 'a' (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'a' @ 1) +Shifting token 'a' (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'a' @ 1) +Entering state 1 +Reading a token: Next token is token 'b' (1.2-1.2: 'b'/'c' printer for 'b' @ 2) +Shifting token 'b' (1.2-1.2: 'b'/'c' printer for 'b' @ 2) +Entering state 3 +Reading a token: Next token is token 'c' (1.3-1.3: 'b'/'c' printer for 'c' @ 3) +Shifting token 'c' (1.3-1.3: 'b'/'c' printer for 'c' @ 3) +Entering state 5 +Reading a token: Next token is token 'd' (1.4-1.4: Default printer for 'd' @ 4) +Shifting token 'd' (1.4-1.4: Default printer for 'd' @ 4) +Entering state 6 +Reading a token: Now at end of input. +syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting 'e' +Error: popping token 'd' (1.4-1.4: Default printer for 'd' @ 4) +Stack now 0 1 3 5 +Error: popping token 'c' (1.3-1.3: 'b'/'c' printer for 'c' @ 3) +Stack now 0 1 3 +Error: popping token 'b' (1.2-1.2: 'b'/'c' printer for 'b' @ 2) +Stack now 0 1 +Error: popping token 'a' (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'a' @ 1) +Stack now 0 +Cleanup: discarding lookahead token $end (1.5-1.5: ) +Stack now 0 +]]) + +AT_CLEANUP + + + + + +## ------------------------------------------------------------- ## +## Default %printer and %destructor for user-declared end token. ## +## ------------------------------------------------------------- ## + +AT_SETUP([Default %printer and %destructor for user-declared end token]) + +AT_DATA_GRAMMAR([[input.y]], +[[%error-verbose +%debug +%locations +%initial-action { + @$.first_line = @$.last_line = 1; + @$.first_column = @$.last_column = 1; +} + +%{ +# include <stdio.h> +# include <stdlib.h> + static void yyerror (const char *msg); + static int yylex (void); +# define USE(SYM) +%} + +%token END 0 +%printer { + fprintf (yyoutput, "Default printer for '%c' @ %d", $$, @$.first_column); +} +%destructor { + fprintf (stdout, "Default destructor for '%c' @ %d.\n", $$, @$.first_column); +} + +%% + +start: { $$ = 'S'; } ; + +%% + +static int +yylex (void) +{ + yylval = 'E'; + yylloc.first_line = yylloc.last_line = 1; + yylloc.first_column = yylloc.last_column = 1; + return 0; +} + +static void +yyerror (const char *msg) +{ + fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", msg); +} + +int +main (void) +{ + yydebug = 1; + return yyparse (); +} +]]) + +AT_CHECK([bison -o input.c input.y]) +AT_COMPILE([input]) +AT_PARSER_CHECK([./input], 0, +[[Default destructor for 'E' @ 1. +Default destructor for 'S' @ 1. +]], +[[Starting parse +Entering state 0 +Reducing stack by rule 1 (line 37): +-> $$ = nterm start (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'S' @ 1) +Stack now 0 +Entering state 1 +Reading a token: Now at end of input. +Shifting token END (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'E' @ 1) +Entering state 2 +Stack now 0 1 2 +Cleanup: popping token END (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'E' @ 1) +Cleanup: popping nterm start (1.1-1.1: Default printer for 'S' @ 1) +]]) + +AT_CLEANUP Index: tests/input.at =================================================================== RCS file: /sources/bison/bison/tests/input.at,v retrieving revision 1.50 diff -p -u -r1.50 input.at --- tests/input.at 9 Jul 2006 20:36:33 -0000 1.50 +++ tests/input.at 29 Jul 2006 05:34:43 -0000 @@ -168,6 +168,65 @@ AT_CHECK_UNUSED_VALUES([1]) AT_CLEANUP +## --------------------------------------------- ## +## Default %printer and %destructor redeclared. ## +## --------------------------------------------- ## + +AT_SETUP([Default %printer and %destructor redeclared]) + +AT_DATA([[input.y]], +[[%destructor { destroy ($$); } +%printer { destroy ($$); } + +%destructor { destroy ($$); } +%printer { destroy ($$); } + +%% + +start: ; + +%destructor { destroy ($$); }; +%printer { destroy ($$); }; +]]) + +AT_CHECK([bison input.y], [1], [], +[[input.y:4.13-29: redeclaration for default %destructor +input.y:1.13-29: previous declaration +input.y:5.10-26: redeclaration for default %printer +input.y:2.10-26: previous declaration +input.y:11.13-29: redeclaration for default %destructor +input.y:4.13-29: previous declaration +input.y:12.10-26: redeclaration for default %printer +input.y:5.10-26: previous declaration +]]) + +AT_CLEANUP + + +## ---------------------------------------- ## +## Unused values with default %destructor. ## +## ---------------------------------------- ## + +AT_SETUP([Unused values with default %destructor]) + +AT_DATA([[input.y]], +[[%destructor { destroy ($$); } + +%% + +start: end end { $1; } ; +end: { } ; +]]) + +AT_CHECK([bison input.y], [0], [], +[[input.y:5.8-22: warning: unset value: $$ +input.y:5.8-22: warning: unused value: $2 +input.y:6.6-8: warning: unset value: $$ +]]) + +AT_CLEANUP + + ## ---------------------- ## ## Incompatible Aliases. ## ## ---------------------- ##
