Hi Everyone VCR First Aid . VCR behaving strangely Try unplugging it for a couple of minutes. Sometimes, a power surge will put the internal microcomputer into a confused state and just resetting it is all that is needed.
Ejecting a cassette from an uncooperative VCR It is a common experience - the rental movie is due back at the video store **now** but no matter how you press the EJECT button, yell, scream, hold your breath, or jump up and down, the cassette refuses to be appear. This section only deals with getting the cassette out without damaging either your (or the video store's) valuable recording or VCR. Under no circumstances should you force anything - both your tape and your VCR will be history! If the rental tape really needs to be go back and you are unable or unwilling to risk going into your VCR, explain the situation to the video store - they would rather you get it out in such a way that it is not damaged just as much as you do. First, see if the VCR just got into a confused state - pull the plug and patiently wait a minute or two. This will seem like an eternity but may reset the microcontroller and all will be well. These things happen. If this is not successful, you will need to open up the VCR (unplug it first!) and attempt to cycle the mechanisms by hand. Probably, both the top and bottom covers will need to be removed. This will require a medium size philips screwdriver. There are usually 2 to 4 screws on top and 2 to 10 screws on the bottom. Don't be tempted to turn anything you see in there just yet! CAUTION: Do not plug the VCR into the AC outlet while in the middle of this treament as there is no telling what it will do. The end result might be more of a mess than what you had originally! The VCR might in its infinite wisdom decide to complete the eject cycle but catch the tape on some guidepost or crinkle it in some other creative manner. The following procedures assume that there are no broken parts, foreign objects, or other damage which might prevent manual cycling of the tape loading and cassette loading mechanism. (Inspect for toys and rocks.) Also note that some VCR designs use solenoids to engage various operations. This will complicate your task (to put it mildly) as locating and activating the proper ones at the appropriate time is, well, a treat. be just covering the roller guides, backtension arm, and Depending on what the VCR was doing or attempting to do when it got confused, you may need to do both (1) and (2) or just (2). (For Panasonic and clone VCRs, see the section: Removing the cassette from Panasonic and clone VCRs. List of 2 items 1. Tape unloading: The first step is to determine if the tape has been unloaded from the video head drum back into the cassette. If the tape is fully retracted into the cassette - there is no tape showing, then go on to step (2). If not, you will need to figure out which shaft or pulley to turn to unload the tape. Trace the linkage or gears that move the roller guide assemblies back to their motor - it may be the main capstan motor or a separate small motor used only for this purpose. (The roller guide assemblies include a white (usually) ceramic roller on a vertical post along side a funny looking tilted guidepost. They slide on tracks on either side of the video head drum and position the tape wrapped around the video drum.). Rotate this in the direction which moves the roller guides back towards the cassette. It will take many revolutions - be persistent. If you feel any significant resistance or the roller guides move out toward the drum, turn the other way. The tape is fully unloaded when the roller guides are all the way into the cassette and the tape is straight across the cassette's stationary guideposts. If turning the shaft is impossible, you can disconnect the wire leads going to the motor from the circuit board and apply 6 to 12 VDC from a battery, power supply, or wall adapter directly to the motor. It is essential to disconnect the motor completely to prevent damage to the circuitry in other parts of the VCR. Take care - reverse the connections if it seems to spin in the wrong direction and don't let it force anything. Motion should be smooth. If a single motor performs both the tape loading and cassette loading functions, stop turning as soon as you see the cassette start to rise and read the next section before proceeding. If you are not fully successful or if there is still a tape loop outside the cassette even once you have been turning for what seems to be an eternity, you can still try to eject the cassette but will need to be extra careful not to crinkle the tape as the cassette door closes with the tape sticking out. Before proceeding on in this case, try to find a way to turn one of the reels to pull that tape back in as this will make your task a lot easier. There may be an idler that swings between the two reels and this may be accessible from the bottom (the cassette will block it on top). Sometimes, if for some reason the tape in the cassette is a bit loose when you go to insert it into the VCR, the tape may jump over a guide post or the pinch roller as the cassette is lowered into position. This tape will then get caught when the VCR goes to eject the cassette - it may come half way out and get hang up on the tape loop. The VCR then tries in vain to complete the eject sequence but gives up after a few seconds. It then either just shuts down or pulls the cassette back into position on the transport. If this happens, the tape is almost certainly damaged enough to be unusable and cutting the tape may be the easiest option. If you want to save what is on the tape, see the section: Recovering damaged or broken tapes. 2. Cassette unloading. Once the tape is fully retracted into the cassette, the cassette can be ejected safely. If a tape loop is still sticking out of the cassette - and you care about the recording - you will need to be especially careful not to crinkle the tape as the cassette door closes. It is usually not possible to get the cassette fully out without its door closing, so the best you can do is to make sure when this happens, the tape is flat across the gap. With care, it should survive. On a top loader, there is usually a solenoid specifically for EJECT or a simple mechanical pushbutton. Once the appropriate lever is pressed, the cassette should pop up - hold the basket with one hand as you do this to prevent any exposed tape loop from being crinkled. On a front loader, locate the cassette loading motor and begin turning it in the appropriate direction - this will be fairly obvious assuming there are no broken gear teeth or other broken parts and that something isn't totally jammed. If this is the main capstan motor, then just continue turning as in (1). Eventually the cassette should raise up and out. As above, applying external low voltage power (6 to 12 VDC) to the motor *after* disconnecting it is an alternative if you cannot gain access to its shaft to turn it by hand. If you have a tape loop, be extra careful not to catch it on any guideposts or obstructions as you remove the cassette. Then, wind it back into the cassette by turning one of the reels (you may have to depress the release button on the bottom of the cassette with a pencil - this is the small hole in the center near the label side.) And in some cases, just turning the VCR upside-down and gently easing the cassette out will work. But as noted, don't force anything. Assuming the tape is not torn and not badly crinkled, it should be fine. If it is severely damaged, refer to the section: Recovering damaged or broken tapes. Removing the cassette from Panasonic and clone VCRs About now (1998), a variety of VCRs manufactured by Matsushita (these include Panasonic and several other brands) in the late 1980s and early 1990s are dying (or at least going into a coma) due to capacitors drying up in their power supplies. Thus, it is very common to attempt to turn on one of these VCRs and find it totally unresponsive. (These ARE easily repairable - see the companion VCR repair guide, "Notes on the Troubleshooting and Repair of Video Cassette Recorders" for more info. Among the panasonic models are those beginning with PV28 and PV48. To determine if your VCR was made by Matsushita, search for its FCC number at: List of FCC ID numbers. One way to identify this mechanism is to remove the top cover (power off!): A large circuit board covers nearly everything but the area of the cassette and a white plastic circular knob like thing (great description, huh?) is visible poking though near the right hand side just beyond the cassette (DON'T touch or turn it!). You will need to remove the bottom cover. On this design where a single motor operates everything, there is a little tab next to the main gear (underneath near the capstan motor). Gently pressing this tab sideways (away from the gear) allows the mechanism to cycle through the various tape and cassette loading and unloading operations. With the tab in the engaged position, turning the main motor or the big flywheel counterclockwise unloads the tape from the video heads, retracts the roller guides, and winds the tape back into the cassette, and then ejects the cassette itself. The tab will have to be engaged several times to accomplish all these tasks. DON'T force anything as it will move easily unless there is something binding or you reach the end of its travel. Take care that a loop of tape doesn't get caught behind a guide post or pinch roller. With care, the cassette will pop out as though nothing were wrong :-). Manually winding a loop of tape back into the cassette When you extract a tape from an uncooperative VCR, there is likely to be a loop of tape dangling in mid-air. Where the tape tape hasn't been seriously crinkled, mashed, torn, or otherwise damaged, it may be possible to get it back into the cassette with low risk of further problems. WARNING: If the loop of tape is badly crinkled, mashed, at all torn, or damaged in any other way such that it could catch the spinning video heads, throw it away. If you must save the material, see the section: Recovering damaged or broken tapes. There is a hole in the bottom of the cassette about 1/4" in diameter in the middle approximately 1 inch from the label side (front). Depress this with a suitable tool (a pencil will usually suffice), and the reels will be free to turn. Carefully wind the tape back into the cassette. That's it! Video turns to snow while watching a movie The most likely cause especially with old or rental tapes is that some oxide came off of the tape and clogged the spinning video heads. The oxide on old tapes tends to flake off and rental tapes are subject to abuse in VCRs of questionable pedigree. They may be creased or crinkled. Sometimes more serious damage results but in most cases, a good cleaning of the video heads (and other parts of the transport while you are at it - see the VCR FAQ additional info), possibly by hand, will restore your VCR to perfect health. CAUTION: Read the following in its entirely to avoid an expensive lesson. Improper cleaning can ruin your expensive video heads. The head chips are very fragile and just rubbing them in the wrong direction (NEVER use an up-and-down motion) can break them completely off. Manual cleaning using the proper head cleaning sticks is best but requires that you gain access to the interior of your VCR - i.e., take off the cover. If you do not want to do this, you can try a wet type head cleaning tape. I do not recommend the dry type as they are much more abrasive and may cause premature wear of your video heads especially if used regularly. When using the wet type cleaning tapes, follow the directions and - very important - wait sufficient time for everything to dry out CAUTION: If you do not wait long enough, the conseqauences can be unfortunate (and impressive) - wads of tape wrapped around the drum and caught in places where no tape should tread. Damage to the heads can also result. Needle to say, that tape will be ruined. To clean by hand, you will need what are called 'head cleaning sticks'. These are covered by chamois and are safest. DO NOT USE QTIPS (COTTON SWABS). These can catch on the ferrite cores and damage them or leave fibers stuck in the heads. QTips can be used for cleaning the other parts like the rollers and audio/control head but not the video heads. To use the cleaning stick, moisten it with head cleaner or alcohol. Pure isopropyl is best, however, the 91% medicinal stuff is ok as long as you dry everything pretty quickly. Don't flood it as it will take a long time to dry and you run the risk of any water in the alcohol sitting on surfaces and resulting in rust (very unlikely, but don't take the chance). WARNING: Do not use any strong solvents like acetone (nail polish remover), paint thinner, fuming sulphuric acid, etc. Some of these may eat at the adhesives or plastic components of your VCR. Gently hold the flat portion of the chamois against the upper cylinder where it is joined to the lower (non-rotating) cylinder. Rotate the upper cylinder be hand so that the heads brush up against the moist chamois. WARNING: DO NOT MOVE THE HEAD CLEANING STICK UP-AND-DOWN - you will break the fragile ferrite of the heads - $$$$. Side-to-side is ok as long as you are gentle. Depending on how dirty your heads are, a couple of passes may be enough. Let everything dry out for at least 1/2 hour. This process can be repeated. However, one pass will usually do it. In addition, inspect and clean the drum itself staying safely away from the video head chips. The five fine grooves in the drum help control the air bearing that the tape rides on and helps to stabilize tape motion. These should be clear of dirt and tape oxide (DO NOT use anything sharp or hard - the moistened head cleaning sticks will work). WARNING: Don't be tempted to try to clean the heads when they are spinning while playing a tape. Professionals may have their favorite technique but just stick to the recommendations above until you have cleaned your 1000th VCR! Recovering damaged or broken tapes So you just pulled your favorite tape from the VCR and there are two tape ends dangling from it. Or, perhaps, your VCR has just munched on that tape and a section is now seriously crinkled. (If it's only slightly crinkled, see the section: Uncrinkling a crinkled tape.) Maybe you haven't been following the recommendations on preventive maintenance; maybe your VCR was just hungry. In any case, what to do? The recording is, of course, irreplaceable. If it is only slightly crinkled, the tape may be salvageable (though it will never likely play without some dropouts). How serious is 'serious'? Hard to say but ironing may help. See the section: Uncrinkling a crinkled tape. However, if it is broken - even partially, or stretched and scrunched, I recommend you throw it away (and make sure no one else can pull it out of the trash and ruin *their* VCR!).. An imperfect splice or seriously crinkled section of tape can shatter your video heads - the most expensive single part in a VCR. If it is something you really treasure, than what I would do is to follow the procedure below. Note: If you have never seen the inside of a video cassette, try the following on a couple you really don't care about first so that if you screw up, there is no great loss. Too bad AOL doesn't send out Internet software on video cassettes, huh? CAUTION: The video tape itself is really really thin and easily crinkled. Be very gentle when handling it and avoid touching the oxide (dull side) if at all possible. 1. Locate a garbage cassette and disassemble it. Throw away the tape but save everything else including the reels. See the section: Disassembling a VHS cassette. 2. Construct two cassettes from the combined collection of parts you now have. Cut out any sections of tape that got mangled. . Cassette 1 has the first section of tape (before the break) and uses one empty reel from the garbage cassette for the supply reel. Rewind this to the beginning. . Cassette 2 has the second section of tape (after the break) and uses the other empty reel from the garbage cassette for the takeup reel. Use the little plastic plugs that came from the garbage tape reels or some adhesive tape to connect the tape to the reels. 3. If the break is at one end, you can just reconnect the bulk of the tape to the reel and dispose of the original leader. Just don't rewind or fast forward all the way to the end as the automatic end sensor will not work (for the particular end that has been repaired). What will happen is that instead of the sensor stopping REW or FF (as appropriate), the tape will run to the end and the VCR will then shut down when it discovers that the tape isn't moving. This can put additional stress on mechanical parts and/or rip the tape from the reel. Serious damage to the VCR isn't really that likely. 4. Copy to a good cassette. 5. Dispose of the original(s) or clearly mark 'DO NOT USE' with a detailed explanation.' Filip (I'll buy a vowel) Gieszczykiewicz ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) is a little more definitive about this: "I find the destruction of it more fulfilling :-) ... put it in a paper bag and smash the life out of it with a big, heavy hammer - or a small ball hammer for an even higher satistfaction ratio :-) " The idea is to never have a splice in a VHS cassette. (Even a seriously crinkled tape such as might result from a tape eating incident can damage the heads.) It is possible to splice safely but as noted, it can be quite costly if you don't get it quite right. Uncrinkling a crinkled tape WARNING: Discarding a seriously crinkled tape is really the safest option from the point of view of the health of your VCR. However, if you really must view it, there are some relatively low risk options. The following only applies if there is absolutely NO evidence of even partial breakage or puncture of the tape's backing (it's OK if some of the oxide has flaked off): Just winding the damaged section back into the cassette and then FFing or REWing as appropriate to put several layers of tape on top of it may help. Leave it like that for a few days and then carefully return to the crinkled section to see how it is doing. WARNING: Do all this on a VCR that DOESN'T have an instant response transport so that there is no chance of the video heads contacting the damaged part of the tape. You may have to do this a few times. Passing the damaged section (backing side) around a blunt edge (like a table top) back and forth a few times may help as well. (From: Paul K. Sagi ([EMAIL PROTECTED]).) I had a go at a seriously crinkled VHS tape that my mom was wanting to show her class at temple. I put the crinkled section between pieces of the kind of paper that is sold for some kind of cooking use, can't remember what it is called. I then ironed it (heat only, no steam) and it worked OK except a couple of seconds dropout." (From: Steven Van Assche ([EMAIL PROTECTED]).) CAUTION: Use with care!! I use the following: Get your iron, the one used for T-shirts, not your soldering iron! ;-) What I do: 1. Let the iron warm up. 2. Release the reel latch by pushing something in the hole on the bottom, disengage and lift the lid, and then pull the tape gently out of the cassette. Make sure the *backside of the tape is lying upwards*. 3. Now go in one pass from left to right over the crinkled part with the iron. You can repeat this, if needed. Due to the heat, most crinkles will go away. list end Now, to play it safe, copy it to another tape. and mark the old one as damaged. The most important factor here is heat: Too hot and you will burn the tape instantly while too cold and nothing will happen. It is best to start from cold to warm, and slowly increase the heat until you see an improvement... Disassembling a VHS cassette These instructions should enable you to get inside a cassette for the purpose of reattaching a leader that pulled off of one of the reels or to enable you to transfer its contents or a portion thereof to another shell or vice-versa. 1. Peel off the label on the side or carefully slice down its center line with a knife or razor blade. This is necessary to allow the cassette halves to be separated. 2. Place the cassette upside-down and remove the five (5) phillips head screws and set aside. 3. While holding the cassette together, place it label side up on a clean surface. 4. Gently remove the top (along with the hinged door) to reveal the interior. At this point, you should see something that looks like VHS Cassette - Inside Top View. When you reassemble the cassette, take care to avoid crunching the tape under the hinged door - depress the unlock button on the side and lift it clear if needed. Restoring old gummed up tapes Where you have some really old tape that won't play or leaves excessive residue on the heads and elsewhere, it may be worth considering the info in the Curing Sticky Tape Problems by Baking Page. I have not tried this so can't guarantee that it will work and could make the problem worse. For really precious tapes, consider a professional video tape recovery service. What about accidentally erased tapes? Unfortunately, there isn't much hope if your prized wedding cassette got recorded over with the Simpsons. In fact, in a normal VCR, recording over a tape erases the original material twice: once using the stationary erase head and a second time by the rotating video heads. Even the combined might and technology of the FBI, CIA, NSA along with MI5 and the KGB would probably not succeed. Sorry. 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