Richard Neill wrote:

> $ echo ${stringZ:2: -1}               #Wish: start at 2, read till
> ERROR                         #1 before the end. i.e.
>                               # cde
> 
> $ echo ${stringZ: -3: -1}     #Wish: start 3 back, read till
> ERROR                         #1 before the end. i.e.

Use (-1), i.e.

$ echo ${stringZ:2:(-1)}

See also
http://bash-hackers.org/wiki/doku.php/syntax/pe#substring_expansion (at
bottom of the section).

J.


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