When doing redirection inside a sub-process to a descriptor that is redirected to a file the output of the subshell goes into the file.
Now when the same descriptor is again redirected to another descriptor for this whole command-list, the output of the sub-process goes to the other descriptor. Except when the subshell is subject to process-substitution: In this case the outer redirection has no effect to the sub-process. Why is that? Example: rm -f tb.err exec 3>tb.err echo ------ 1 ---------- (echo 1 1>&3) 3>&1 echo ........tb.err ........... cat tb.err echo ------ 2 --------- echo >(echo 2 1>&3) 3>&1 echo ........tb.err ........... cat tb.err echo ------ 3 --------- echo >(echo 3 1>&3) echo ........tb.err ........... cat tb.err Only test 3 should print 3 into tb.err. bash and ksh93 also print into tb.err in test 2, which is inconsistent compared to case 1. What's so special about process-substitution regarding redirection? -Helmut
