GNU sort doesn't like a really large value for the -S option.
To recreate: First create a 5GB file of random data. $ /usr/bin/dd if=/dev/urandom of=input bs=1048576 count=5000 You can successfully sort it with: $ export LC_ALL='C' $ /usr/bin/sort input >output But if you add a large -S option, you get: $ export LC_ALL='C' $ /usr/bin/sort -S 4G <input >output /usr/bin/sort: -S argument `4G' too large Reproduced with: sort version 8.13 on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS sort version 8.16 on Solaris 11 Thanks.
