> When I execute the command "ls -dl" information about only the pwd is
> printed, for example here is the output of the comman when the pwd is /
> drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4096 Jan 30 13:02 .
That is what it is supposed to be doing. The default directory to
list if none is specified is the current directory. The -d option
prevents recursively listing the directory. Therefore ls -ld lists
only attributes of the current directory.
> What I expect to see is:
>
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 17:13 bin
> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Jan 30 13:02 boot
> drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 98304 Jan 30 13:08 dev
> drwxr-xr-x 39 root root 4096 Jan 30 17:40 etc
> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 17 16:11 home
> drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 24 01:24 lib
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 Dec 17 15:48 lost+found
> drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 17 15:50 mnt
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 23 1999 opt
> dr-xr-xr-x 72 root root 0 Jan 30 06:02 proc
> drwxr-x--- 15 root root 4096 Jan 31 01:13 root
> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24 01:23 sbin
> drwxrwxrwt 11 root root 4096 Jan 30 23:01 tmp
> drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 23 17:12 usr
> drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 Jan 23 16:25 var
That would be the output of 'ls -l' without the -d option.
The -d option is meant to prevent ls from listing the contents of
directories when you only wnat it to list the names of the
directories.
To understand the usefulness of the -d option try this example.
Compare the differences in the results of ls when you use the -d
option versus when you do not.
ls -ld /etc/*.d
ls -l /etc/*.d
For more information on unix operation I personally find the O'Reilly
nutshell handbooks to be excellent.
Hope this helps.
Bob
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