* find/find.1: * xargs/xargs.1: Replace blank lines with empty requests or paragraphing macro calls as seems to be intended. * find/find.1: Delete blank lines preceding paragraphing or sectioning macros that serve only to put excess vertical space in the output. * locate/locatedb.5: Replace blank lines with a dummy character producing a blank output line as _might_ be intended.
groff_man_style(7):
• The empty request (.), which does nothing, vertically spaces the
input file for readability by the document maintainer. Do not
put blank (empty) lines in a man page source document. Some
man(1) programs “squeeze” multiple blank output lines into one.
Fixes style warnings from `groff -rCHECKSTYLE=3 -man`:
an.tmac:/.../share/man/man1/find.1:87: style: blank line in input
...
an.tmac:/.../share/man/man1/xargs.1:231: style: blank line in input
...
an.tmac:/.../share/man/man5/locatedb.5:118: style: blank line in input
...
---
find/find.1 | 317 +++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
locate/locatedb.5 | 8 +-
xargs/xargs.1 | 35 ++---
3 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 183 deletions(-)
diff --git a/find/find.1 b/find/find.1
index ef04847a..c527dff9 100644
--- a/find/find.1
+++ b/find/find.1
@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ .SH OPTIONS
.B \-files0\-from
to pass arbitrary starting points to
.BR find .
-
+.
.IP \-P
Never follow symbolic links. This is the default behaviour. When
.B find
examines or prints information about files, and the file is a symbolic
link, the information used shall be taken from the properties of the
symbolic link itself.
-
+.
.IP \-L
Follow symbolic links. When
.B find
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
.B \-ilname
predicates always to return
false.
-
+.
.IP \-H
Do not follow symbolic links, except while processing the command
line arguments. When
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
or
.B \-L
is specified.
-
+.P
GNU
.B find
frequently stats files during the processing of the command line
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
.B \-anewer
and
.BR \-cnewer .
-
+.P
The
.B \-follow
option has a similar effect to
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
.B \-follow
on the
command line will be dereferenced, and those before it will not).
-
+.
.IP "\-D debugopts"
Print diagnostic information; this can be helpful to diagnose problems
with why
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
findutils test suite runs all the tests on
.B find
at each optimisation level and ensures that the result is the same.
-
+.IP
The re-ordering of operations performed by the cost-based optimizer
can result in user-visible behaviour change. For example, the
.B \-readable
@@ -347,13 +347,13 @@ .SH EXPRESSION
This is a kind of query specification describing how we match files
and what we do with the files that were matched.
An expression is composed of a sequence of things:
-
+.
.IP Tests
Tests return a true or false value, usually on the basis of some
property of a file we are considering. The
.B \-empty
test for example is true only when the current file is empty.
-
+.
.IP Actions
Actions have side effects (such as printing something on the standard
output) and return either true or false, usually based on whether or
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ .SH EXPRESSION
.B \-print
action for example prints the name of the current file on the standard
output.
-
+.
.IP "Global options"
Global options affect the operation of tests and actions specified on
any part of the command line. Global options always return true. The
@@ -369,14 +369,14 @@ .SH EXPRESSION
option for example makes
.B find
traverse the file system in a depth-first order.
-
+.
.IP "Positional options"
Positional options affect only tests or actions which follow them.
Positional options always return true. The
.B \-regextype
option for example is positional, specifying the regular expression
dialect for regular expressions occurring later on the command line.
-
+.
.IP Operators
Operators join together the other items within the expression. They
include for example
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ .SH EXPRESSION
(meaning logical AND). Where an operator is missing,
.B \-a
is assumed.
-
+.
.P
The
.B \-print
@@ -412,17 +412,16 @@ .SH EXPRESSION
.B \-printf
and
.BR \-print .
-
-
+.P
The
.B \-delete
action also acts like an option (since it implies
.BR \-depth ).
-
+.
.SS POSITIONAL OPTIONS
Positional options always return true. They affect only tests occurring
later on the command line.
-
+.
.IP \-daystart
Measure times (for
.BR \-amin ,
@@ -434,7 +433,7 @@ .SS POSITIONAL OPTIONS
.BR \-mtime )
from the beginning of today rather than from 24 hours ago. This
option only affects tests which appear later on the command line.
-
+.
.IP "\-follow \&"
Deprecated; use the
.B \-L
@@ -471,7 +470,7 @@ .SS POSITIONAL OPTIONS
.B \-lname and
.B \-ilname
predicates always to return false.
-
+.
.IP "\-regextype \fItype\fR"
Changes the regular expression syntax understood by
.B \-regex
@@ -488,7 +487,7 @@ .SS POSITIONAL OPTIONS
as if the regular expression type
.B emacs
had been specified.
-
+.
.IP "\-warn, \-nowarn"
Turn warning messages on or off. These warnings apply only to the
command line usage, not to any conditions that
@@ -506,7 +505,7 @@ .SS POSITIONAL OPTIONS
environment variable is set, and
.B \-warn
is also used, it is not specified which, if any, warnings will be active.
-
+.
.SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
Global options always return true.
Global options take effect even for tests which occur earlier on the
@@ -516,21 +515,21 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
If you specify a global option in some other place,
.B find
will issue a warning message explaining that this can be confusing.
-
+.P
The global options occur after the list of start points, and so are
not the same kind of option as
.BR \-L ,
for example.
-
+.
.IP \-d
A synonym for \-depth, for compatibility with FreeBSD, NetBSD, \
MacOS X and OpenBSD.
-
+.
.IP \-depth
Process each directory's contents before the directory itself. The
\-delete action also implies
.BR \-depth .
-
+.
.IP "\-files0\-from \fIfile\fR"
Read the starting points from \fIfile\fR instead of getting them on the
command line.
@@ -539,10 +538,10 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
and the inherent ambiguity of file names clashing with option names,
using this option allows to safely pass an arbitrary number of starting points
to \fBfind\fR.
-
+.IP
Using this option and passing starting points on the command line is mutually
exclusive, and is therefore not allowed at the same time.
-
+.IP
The \fIfile\fR argument is mandatory.
One can use
.B \-files0\-from\ \-
@@ -554,24 +553,24 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
.B \-okdir
are not allowed, because they would obviously interfere with reading from
\fIstandard input\fR in order to get a user confirmation.
-
+.IP
The starting points in \fIfile\fR have to be separated by ASCII NUL characters.
Two consecutive NUL characters, i.e., a starting point with a Zero-length
file name is not allowed and will lead to an error diagnostic followed by
a non-Zero exit code later.
-
+.IP
In the case the given \fIfile\fR is empty, \fBfind\fR does not process any
starting point and therefore will exit immediately after parsing the program
arguments.
This is unlike the standard invocation where \fBfind\fR assumes the current
directory as starting point if no path argument is passed.
-
+.IP
The processing of the starting points is otherwise as usual, e.g.\&
.B find
will recurse into subdirectories unless otherwise prevented.
To process only the starting points, one can additionally pass
.BR \-maxdepth\ 0 .
-
+.IP
Further notes:
if a file is listed more than once in the input file, it is unspecified
whether it is visited more than once.
@@ -587,12 +586,12 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
thing, and that the behavior may change from platform to platform, or from
.B findutils
release to release.
-
+.
.IP "\-help, \-\-help"
Print a summary of the command-line usage of
.B find
and exit.
-
+.
.IP \-ignore_readdir_race
Normally, \fBfind\fR will emit an error message when it fails to stat a file.
If you give this option and a file is deleted between the time \fBfind\fR
@@ -605,7 +604,7 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
this option on and part of it with this option off
(if you need to do that, you will need to issue two \fBfind\fR commands
instead, one with the option and one without it).
-
+.IP
Furthermore,
.B find
with the
@@ -616,29 +615,29 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
it will not output an error diagnostic, and the return code of the
.B \-delete
action will be true.
-
+.
.IP "\-maxdepth \fIlevels\fR"
Descend at most \fIlevels\fR (a non-negative integer) levels of
directories below the starting-points. Using
.B \-maxdepth\ 0
means only apply the tests and actions to the starting-points themselves.
-
+.
.IP "\-mindepth \fIlevels\fR"
Do not apply any tests or actions at levels less than \fIlevels\fR (a
non-negative integer). Using
.B \-mindepth\ 1
means process all files except the starting-points.
-
+.
.IP \-mount
Don't descend directories on other filesystems. An alternate name for
.BR \-xdev ,
for compatibility with some other versions of
.BR find .
-
+.
.IP \-noignore_readdir_race
Turns off the effect of
.BR \-ignore_readdir_race .
-
+.
.IP "\-noleaf \&"
Do not optimize by assuming that directories contain 2 fewer
subdirectories than their hard link count. This option is needed when
@@ -654,13 +653,13 @@ .SS GLOBAL OPTIONS
in the directory are non-directories (`leaf' files in the directory
tree). If only the files' names need to be examined, there is no need
to stat them; this gives a significant increase in search speed.
-
+.
.IP "\-version, \-\-version"
Print the \fBfind\fR version number and exit.
-
+.
.IP \-xdev
Don't descend directories on other filesystems.
-
+.
.SS TESTS
Some tests, for example
.B \-newerXY
@@ -707,10 +706,10 @@ .SS TESTS
.
.P
Supported tests:
-
+.
.IP "\-amin \fIn\fR \&"
File was last accessed less than, more than or exactly \fIn\fR minutes ago.
-
+.
.IP "\-anewer \fIreference\fR"
Like
.BR \-newer ,
@@ -724,7 +723,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-L
option is in effect, then the time of the last data modification of the file
it points to is always used.
-
+.
.IP "\-atime \fIn\fR"
File was last accessed less than, more than or exactly
.IR n *24
@@ -737,11 +736,11 @@ .SS TESTS
a file has to have been accessed at least
.I two
days ago.
-
+.
.IP "\-cmin \fIn\fR \&"
File's status was last changed less than, more than or exactly \fIn\fR minutes
ago.
-
+.
.IP "\-cnewer \fIreference\fR"
Like
.BR \-newer ,
@@ -755,7 +754,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-L
option is in effect, then the time of the last data modification of the file
it points to is always used.
-
+.
.IP "\-ctime \fIn\fR"
File's status was last changed less than, more than or exactly
.IR n *24
@@ -764,10 +763,10 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-atime
to understand how rounding affects the interpretation of file status
change times.
-
+.
.IP \-empty
File is empty and is either a regular file or a directory.
-
+.
.IP \-executable
Matches files which are executable and directories which are
searchable (in a file name resolution sense) by the current user.
@@ -785,10 +784,10 @@ .SS TESTS
.BR access (2)
system call, there is no guarantee that a file for which this test
succeeds can actually be executed.
-
+.
.IP \-false
Always false.
-
+.
.IP "\-fstype \fItype\fR"
File is on a filesystem of type
.IR type .
@@ -798,14 +797,14 @@ .SS TESTS
is: ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K, S52K. You can use
.B \-printf
with the %F directive to see the types of your filesystems.
-
+.
.IP "\-gid \fIn\fR"
File's numeric group ID is less than, more than or exactly
.IR n .
-
+.
.IP "\-group \fIgname\fR"
File belongs to group \fIgname\fR (numeric group ID allowed).
-
+.
.IP "\-ilname \fIpattern\fR"
Like
.BR \-lname ,
@@ -816,8 +815,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-follow
option is in effect, this test returns false unless the symbolic link
is broken.
-
-
+.
.IP "\-iname \fIpattern\fR"
Like
.BR \-name ,
@@ -825,31 +823,31 @@ .SS TESTS
patterns `fo*' and `F??' match the file names `Foo', `FOO', `foo',
`fOo', etc.
The pattern `*foo*` will also match a file called '.foobar'.
-
+.
.IP "\-inum \fIn\fR \&"
File has inode number smaller than, greater than or exactly
.IR n .
It is normally easier to use the
.B \-samefile
test instead.
-
+.
.IP "\-ipath \fIpattern\fR"
Like
.BR \-path .
but the match is case insensitive.
-
+.
.IP "\-iregex \fIpattern\fR"
Like
.BR \-regex ,
but the match is case insensitive.
-
+.
.IP "\-iwholename \fIpattern\fR"
See \-ipath. This alternative is less portable than
.BR \-ipath .
-
+.
.IP "\-links \fIn\fR"
File has less than, more than or exactly \fIn\fR hard links.
-
+.
.IP "\-lname \fIpattern\fR"
File is a symbolic link whose contents match shell pattern
.IR pattern .
@@ -860,11 +858,11 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-follow
option is in effect, this test returns false unless the symbolic link
is broken.
-
+.
.IP "\-mmin \fIn\fR \&"
File's data was last modified less than, more than or exactly \fIn\fR minutes
ago.
-
+.
.IP "\-mtime \fIn\fR"
File's data was last modified less than, more than or exactly
.IR n *24
@@ -873,7 +871,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-atime
to understand how rounding affects the interpretation of file
modification times.
-
+.
.IP "\-name \fIpattern\fR"
Base of file name (the path with the leading directories removed)
matches shell pattern
@@ -893,7 +891,7 @@ .SS TESTS
is set or the option
.B \-nowarn
is used.
-
+.IP
To ignore a
directory and the files under it, use
.B \-prune
@@ -907,7 +905,7 @@ .SS TESTS
library function.
Don't forget to enclose the pattern in quotes in order to protect it
from expansion by the shell.
-
+.
.IP "\-newer \fIreference\fR"
Succeeds if the
time of the last data modification of the current file is more recent than that
@@ -920,7 +918,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.B \-L
option is in effect, then the time of the last data modification of the file
it points to is always used.
-
+.
.IP "\-newerXY \fIreference\fR"
Succeeds if timestamp \fIX\fR of the file being considered is newer
than
@@ -929,7 +927,7 @@ .SS TESTS
Fails if the timestamps are
.BR equal .
The letters \fIX\fR and \fIY\fR can be any of the following letters:
-
+.
.TS
ll
ll
@@ -942,7 +940,7 @@ .SS TESTS
m The modification time of the file \fIreference\fR
t \fIreference\fR is interpreted directly as a time
.TE
-
+.
Some combinations are invalid; for example, it is invalid for
.I X
to be
@@ -961,13 +959,13 @@ .SS TESTS
time cannot be determined, a fatal error message results. If you
specify a test which refers to the birth time of files being examined,
this test will fail for any files where the birth time is unknown.
-
+.
.IP \-nogroup
No group corresponds to file's numeric group ID.
-
+.
.IP \-nouser
No user corresponds to file's numeric user ID.
-
+.
.IP "\-path \fIpattern\fR"
File name matches shell pattern
.IR pattern .
@@ -1008,7 +1006,7 @@ .SS TESTS
is also supported by HP-UX
.B find
and is part of the POSIX 2008 standard.
-
+.
.IP "\-perm \fImode\fR"
File's permission bits are exactly \fImode\fR (octal or symbolic).
Since an exact match is required, if you want to use this form for
@@ -1020,7 +1018,7 @@ .SS TESTS
write permission. See the
.B EXAMPLES
section for some illustrative examples.
-
+.
.IP "\-perm \-\fImode\fR"
All of the permission bits \fImode\fR are set for the file.
Symbolic modes are accepted in this form, and this is usually the way
@@ -1029,7 +1027,7 @@ .SS TESTS
See the
.B EXAMPLES
section for some illustrative examples.
-
+.
.IP "\-perm /\fImode\fR"
Any of the permission bits \fImode\fR are set for the file. Symbolic
modes are accepted in this form. You must specify `u', `g' or `o' if
@@ -1040,12 +1038,12 @@ .SS TESTS
are set, this test matches any file (the idea here is to be consistent
with the behaviour of
.BR "\-perm\ \-000" ).
-
+.
.IP "\-perm +\fImode\fR"
This is no longer supported (and has been deprecated since 2005). Use
.B "\-perm /\fImode\fR"
instead.
-
+.
.IP \-readable
Matches files which are readable by the current user. This takes into
account access control lists and other permissions artefacts which the
@@ -1057,7 +1055,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.BR access (2)
in the client's kernel and so cannot make use of the UID mapping
information held on the server.
-
+.
.IP "\-regex \fIpattern\fR"
File name matches regular expression
.IR pattern .
@@ -1072,14 +1070,14 @@ .SS TESTS
the
.B \-regextype
option.
-
+.
.IP "\-samefile \fIname\fR"
File refers to the same inode as
.IR name .
When
.B \-L
is in effect, this can include symbolic links.
-
+.
.IP "\-size \fIn\fR[cwbkMG]"
File uses less than, more than or exactly \fIn\fP units of space, rounding up.
The following suffixes can be used:
@@ -1121,7 +1119,7 @@ .SS TESTS
1,048,575 bytes.
.IP \-true
Always true.
-
+.
.IP "\-type \fIc\fR \&"
File is of type
.IR c :
@@ -1157,18 +1155,18 @@ .SS TESTS
.IP "\-uid \fIn\fR"
File's numeric user ID is less than, more than or exactly
.IR n .
-
+.
.IP "\-used \fIn\fR \&"
File was last accessed less than, more than or exactly \fIn\fR days after its
status was last changed.
-
+.
.IP "\-user \fIuname\fR"
File is owned by user \fIuname\fR (numeric user ID allowed).
-
+.
.IP "\-wholename \fIpattern\fR"
See \-path. This alternative is less portable than
.BR \-path .
-
+.
.IP \-writable
Matches files which are writable by the current user. This takes into
account access control lists and other permissions artefacts which the
@@ -1180,7 +1178,7 @@ .SS TESTS
.BR access (2)
in the client's kernel and so cannot make use of the UID mapping
information held on the server.
-
+.
.IP "\-xtype \fIc\fR"
The same as
.B \-type
@@ -1209,14 +1207,14 @@ .SS TESTS
.IP "\-context \fIpattern\fR"
(SELinux only) Security context of the file matches glob
.IR pattern .
-
+.
.SS ACTIONS
.IP "\-delete \&"
Delete files or directories; true if removal succeeded.
If the removal failed, an error message is issued and
.BR find 's
exit status will be nonzero (when it eventually exits).
-
+.IP
.BR Warning :
Don't forget that
.B find
@@ -1226,7 +1224,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
first will make
.B find
try to delete everything below the starting points you specified.
-
+.IP
The use of the
.B \-delete
action on the command line automatically turns on the
@@ -1240,7 +1238,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
.B \-delete
action cannot usefully be combined with
.BR \-prune .
-
+.
Often, the user might want to test a
.B find
command line with
@@ -1251,11 +1249,11 @@ .SS ACTIONS
To avoid surprising results, it is usually best to remember to use
.B \-depth
explicitly during those earlier test runs.
-
+.IP
The
.B \-delete
action will fail to remove a directory unless it is empty.
-
+.IP
Together with the
.B \-ignore_readdir_race
option,
@@ -1267,8 +1265,8 @@ .SS ACTIONS
nonzero, and the return code of the
.B \-delete
action will be true.
-
-
+.
+.
.IP "\-exec \fIcommand\fR ;"
Execute
.IR command ;
@@ -1295,7 +1293,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
you should use the
.B \-execdir
option instead.
-
+.
.IP "\-exec \fIcommand\fR {} +"
This variant of the
.B \-exec
@@ -1323,7 +1321,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
actually being run. This variant of
.B \-exec
always returns true.
-
+.
.IP "\-execdir \fIcommand\fR ;"
.IP "\-execdir \fIcommand\fR {} +"
Like
@@ -1375,8 +1373,8 @@ .SS ACTIONS
returns true only if
.I command
returns 0.
-
-
+.
+.
.IP "\-fls \fIfile\fR"
True; like
.B \-ls
@@ -1387,7 +1385,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
+.
.IP "\-fprint \fIfile\fR"
True; print the full file name into file
.IR file .
@@ -1403,7 +1401,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
+.
.IP "\-fprint0 \fIfile\fR"
True; like
.B \-print0
@@ -1413,7 +1411,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
+.
.IP "\-fprintf \fIfile\fR \fIformat\fR"
True; like
.B \-printf
@@ -1423,7 +1421,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
+.
.IP \-ls
True; list current file in
.B ls \-dils
@@ -1434,7 +1432,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
+.
.IP "\-ok \fIcommand\fR ;"
Like
.B \-exec
@@ -1445,7 +1443,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
This action may not be specified together with the
.B \-files0\-from
option.
-
+.
.IP
The response to the prompt is matched against a pair of regular
expressions to determine if it is an affirmative or negative
@@ -1463,9 +1461,9 @@ .SS ACTIONS
(character classes) and
.B LC_COLLATE
(character ranges and equivalence classes).
-
-
-
+.
+.
+.
.IP "\-okdir \fIcommand\fR ;"
Like
.B \-execdir
@@ -1477,8 +1475,8 @@ .SS ACTIONS
This action may not be specified together with the
.B \-files0\-from
option.
-
-
+.
+.
.IP \-print
True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a
newline.
@@ -1493,7 +1491,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
+.
.IP "\-print0 \&"
True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a
null character (instead of the newline character that
@@ -1505,7 +1503,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
.B \-0
option of
.BR xargs .
-
+.
.IP "\-printf \fIformat\fR"
True; print \fIformat\fR on the standard output, interpreting `\e'
escapes and `%' directives. Field widths and precisions can be
@@ -1645,14 +1643,14 @@ .SS ACTIONS
The amount of disk space used for this file in 512-byte blocks. Since disk
space is allocated in multiples of the filesystem block size this is usually
greater than %s/512, but it can also be smaller if the file is a sparse file.
-
+.
.IP %B\fIk\fP
File's birth time, i.e., its creation time, in the format specified by
.IR k ,
which is the same as for %A.
This directive produces an empty string if the underlying operating system or
filesystem does not support birth times.
-
+.
.IP %c
File's last status change time in the format returned by the C
.BR ctime (3)
@@ -1674,7 +1672,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B EXAMPLES
section for an example.
-
+.
.IP %F
Type of the filesystem the file is on; this value can be used for
\-fstype.
@@ -1768,7 +1766,7 @@ .SS ACTIONS
argument causes undefined behaviour since there is no following
character. In some locales, it may hide your door keys, while in
others it may remove the final page from the novel you are reading.
-
+.
The %m and %d directives support the
.BR # ,
.B 0
@@ -1790,8 +1788,8 @@ .SS ACTIONS
See the
.B UNUSUAL FILENAMES
section for information about how unusual characters in filenames are handled.
-
-
+.
+.
.RE
.IP \-prune
True; if the file is a directory, do not descend into it. If
@@ -1816,8 +1814,8 @@ .SS ACTIONS
find .\& \-path ./src/emacs \-prune \-o \-print
.fi
.in
-
-
+.
+.
.IP \-quit
Exit immediately (with return value zero if no errors have occurred).
This is different to
@@ -1851,48 +1849,48 @@ .SS ACTIONS
find / \-name needle \-print \-quit
.fi
.in
-
+.
.SS OPERATORS
Listed in order of decreasing precedence:
-
+.
.IP "( \fIexpr\fR )"
Force precedence. Since parentheses are special to the shell, you
will normally need to quote them. Many of the examples in this manual
page use backslashes for this purpose: `\e(...\e)' instead of `(...)'.
-
+.
.IP "! \fIexpr\fR"
True if \fIexpr\fR is false. This character will also usually need
protection from interpretation by the shell.
-
+.
.IP "\-not \fIexpr\fR"
Same as !\&
.IR expr ,
but not POSIX compliant.
-
+.
.IP "\fIexpr1 expr2\fR"
Two expressions in a row are taken to be joined with an
implied
.BR \-a ;
\fIexpr2\fR is not evaluated if \fIexpr1\fR is false.
-
+.
.IP "\fIexpr1\fR \-a \fIexpr2\fR"
Same as
.IR "expr1 expr2" .
-
+.
.IP "\fIexpr1\fR \-and \fIexpr2\fR"
Same as
.IR "expr1 expr2" ,
but not POSIX compliant.
-
+.
.IP "\fIexpr1\fR \-o \fIexpr2\fR"
Or; \fIexpr2\fR is not evaluated if \fIexpr1\fR is true.
-
+.
.IP "\fIexpr1\fR \-or \fIexpr2\fR"
Same as \fIexpr1\fR
.B \-o
.IR expr2 ,
but not POSIX compliant.
-
+.
.IP "\fIexpr1\fR , \fIexpr2\fR"
List; both \fIexpr1\fR and \fIexpr2\fR are always evaluated. The
value of \fIexpr1\fR is discarded; the value of the list is the value
@@ -1927,11 +1925,11 @@ .SH UNUSUAL FILENAMES
example, changing the settings of your function keys on some
terminals). Unusual characters are handled differently by various
actions, as described below.
-
+.
.IP "\-print0, \-fprint0"
Always print the exact filename, unchanged, even if the output is
going to a terminal.
-
+.
.IP "\-ls, \-fls"
Unusual characters are always escaped. White space, backslash, and
double quote characters are printed using C-style escaping (for
@@ -1941,7 +1939,7 @@ .SH UNUSUAL FILENAMES
and
.B \-fls
these are the characters between octal 041 and 0176) are printed as-is.
-
+.
.IP "\-printf, \-fprintf"
If the output is not going to a terminal, it is printed as-is.
Otherwise, the result depends on which directive is in use. The
@@ -1964,7 +1962,7 @@ .SH UNUSUAL FILENAMES
characters. The setting of the
.B LC_CTYPE
environment variable is used to determine which characters need to be quoted.
-
+.
.IP "\-print, \-fprint"
Quoting is handled in the same way as for
.B \-printf
@@ -1990,13 +1988,13 @@ .SH STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
environment variable.
The following options are specified in the POSIX standard
(IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition):
-
+.
.IP \fB\-H\fR
This option is supported.
-
+.
.IP \fB\-L\fR
This option is supported.
-
+.
.IP \fB\-name\fR
This option is supported, but POSIX conformance depends on the
POSIX conformance of the system's
@@ -2005,14 +2003,14 @@ .SH STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
(`*', `?' or `[]' for example) match a leading `.', because
IEEE PASC interpretation 126 requires this.
This is a change from previous versions of findutils.
-
+.
.IP \fB\-type\fR
Supported.
POSIX specifies `b', `c', `d', `l', `p', `f' and `s'.
GNU find also supports `D', representing a Door, where the OS provides these.
Furthermore, GNU find allows multiple types to be specified at once in a
comma-separated list.
-
+.
.IP \fB\-ok\fR
Supported.
Interpretation of the response is according to the `yes' and `no'
@@ -2031,20 +2029,20 @@ .SH STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
is not set, the patterns are instead taken from
.BR find 's
own message catalogue.
-
+.
.IP \fB\-newer\fR
Supported. If the file specified is a symbolic link, it is always
dereferenced. This is a change from previous behaviour, which used to
take the relevant time from the symbolic link; see the HISTORY section
below.
-
+.
.IP \fB\-perm\fR
Supported. If the
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
environment variable is not set,
some mode arguments (for example +a+x) which are not valid in POSIX
are supported for backward-compatibility.
-
+.
.IP "Other primaries"
The primaries
.BR \-atime ,
@@ -2065,7 +2063,7 @@ .SH STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
and
.B \-xdev
are all supported.
-
+.
.P
The POSIX standard specifies parentheses `(', `)', negation `!' and the
logical AND/OR operators
@@ -2137,15 +2135,15 @@ .SH STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
tests because those tests aren't specified in the POSIX standard.
.
.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
-
+.
.IP LANG
Provides a default value for the internationalization variables that
are unset or null.
-
+.
.IP LC_ALL
If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
other internationalization variables.
-
+.
.IP LC_COLLATE
The POSIX standard specifies that this variable affects the pattern
matching to be used for the
@@ -2165,7 +2163,7 @@ .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
the interpretation of any bracket expressions in the pattern will be
affected by
.BR LC_COLLATE .
-
+.
.IP LC_CTYPE
This variable affects the treatment of character classes used in
regular expressions and also with
@@ -2182,7 +2180,7 @@ .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
environment variable will also affect which characters are considered
to be unprintable when filenames are printed;
see the section UNUSUAL FILENAMES.
-
+.
.IP LC_MESSAGES
Determines the locale to be used for internationalised messages. If the
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
@@ -2190,10 +2188,10 @@ .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
the response to the prompt made by the
.B \-ok
action.
-
+.
.IP "NLSPATH \&"
Determines the location of the internationalisation message catalogues.
-
+.
.IP PATH
Affects the directories which are searched to find the executables
invoked by
@@ -2202,7 +2200,7 @@ .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
.B \-ok
and
.BR \-okdir .
-
+.
.IP POSIXLY_CORRECT
Determines the block size used by
.B \-ls
@@ -2241,7 +2239,7 @@ .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
opposed to according to
.BR find 's
own message translations.
-
+.
.IP TZ
Affects the time zone used for some of the time-related format
directives of
@@ -2396,7 +2394,6 @@ .SS Traversing the filesystem just once \(en for 2
different actions
.in +4n
.B $ find /sbin /usr/sbin \-executable \e! \-readable \-print
.in
-\&
.fi
.
.IP \[bu] 4n
@@ -2436,7 +2433,6 @@ .SS Traversing the filesystem just once \(en for 2
different actions
.in +4n
.B $ find .\& \-perm /222
.in
-\&
.fi
.
.IP \[bu]
@@ -2612,7 +2608,6 @@ .SS Traversing the filesystem just once \(en for 2
different actions
.in +4n
.B $ find /tmp \e( \-type f \-o \-type d \-o \-type l \e)
.in
-\&
.fi
.
.IP \[bu] 4n
@@ -2624,7 +2619,6 @@ .SS Traversing the filesystem just once \(en for 2
different actions
.in +4n
.B $ find / \-name needle \-print \-quit
.in
-\&
.fi
.
.IP \[bu] 4n
@@ -2649,7 +2643,6 @@ .SS Traversing the filesystem just once \(en for 2
different actions
.B [.][compile]
.B [compile/64/tests][find]
.in
-\&
.fi
.
.SH EXIT STATUS
@@ -2660,7 +2653,7 @@ .SH EXIT STATUS
but if the return value is non-zero,
you should not rely on the correctness of the results of
.BR find .
-
+.P
When some error occurs,
.B find
may stop immediately, without completing all the actions specified.
@@ -2672,7 +2665,7 @@ .SH EXIT STATUS
may not have been performed.
.
.SH HISTORY
-
+.
A
.B find
program appeared in Version 5 Unix as part of the
@@ -2682,7 +2675,7 @@ .SH HISTORY
Manual, 1971\(en1986
provides some additional details; you can read it on-line at
<https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~doug/reader.pdf>.
-
+.P
GNU
.B find
was originally written by Eric Decker, with
@@ -2716,7 +2709,7 @@ .SH COMPATIBILITY
.BR find 's
exit status was unaffected by the failure of
.BR \-delete .
-
+.
.TS
l l l .
Feature Added in Also occurs in
diff --git a/locate/locatedb.5 b/locate/locatedb.5
index da08fc36..2b952ffa 100644
--- a/locate/locatedb.5
+++ b/locate/locatedb.5
@@ -115,20 +115,20 @@ .SH Old Locate Database format
.
.SH EXAMPLE
.nf
-
+\&
Input to \fBfrcode\fP:
.\" with nulls changed to newlines:
/usr/src
/usr/src/cmd/aardvark.c
/usr/src/cmd/armadillo.c
/usr/tmp/zoo
-
+\&
Length of the longest prefix of the preceding entry to share:
0 /usr/src
8 /cmd/aardvark.c
14 rmadillo.c
5 tmp/zoo
-
+\&
.fi
Output from \fBfrcode\fP, with trailing nulls changed to newlines
and count bytes made printable:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ .SH EXAMPLE
8 /cmd/aardvark.c
6 rmadillo.c
\-9 tmp/zoo
-
+\&
(6 = 14 - 8, and -9 = 5 - 14)
.fi
.
diff --git a/xargs/xargs.1 b/xargs/xargs.1
index b46eb42a..1db13043 100644
--- a/xargs/xargs.1
+++ b/xargs/xargs.1
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
Disables the end-of-file string, which is treated like any other argument.
Useful when input items might contain white space, quote marks, or backslashes.
The GNU find (and from Issue 8, POSIX) \-print0 option produces input suitable
for this mode.
-
+.
.TP
.BI "\-a " file ", \-\-arg\-file=" file
Read items from
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
If you use this option, stdin remains unchanged when commands are run.
Otherwise, stdin is redirected from
.IR /dev/null .
-
+.
.TP
.BI "\-\-delimiter=" delim ", \-d" " delim"
Input items are terminated by the specified character.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
design your program to use
.B \-\-null
where this is possible.
-
+.
.TP
.BI \-E " eof-str"
Set the end-of-file string to \fIeof-str\fR.
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
.B xargs
always waits for all child processes to exit before exiting itself
(but see BUGS).
-
+.IP
If you do not use the
.B \-P
option,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ .SH OPTIONS
process before
.B xargs
was started).
-
+.IP
.B Please note
that it is up to the called processes to properly manage parallel
access to shared resources.
@@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ .SH OPTIONS
and
.BR \-i ,
because it would not actually conflict.
-
+.
.
.SH "EXAMPLES"
.nf
.B find /tmp \-name core \-type f \-print | xargs /bin/rm \-f
-
.fi
+.P
Find files named
.B core
in or below the directory
@@ -388,19 +388,20 @@ .SH "EXAMPLES"
and delete them.
Note that this will work incorrectly if there are
any filenames containing newlines or spaces.
+.
.P
.B find /tmp \-name core \-type f \-print0 | xargs \-0 /bin/rm \-f
-
+.P
Find files named
.B core
in or below the directory
.B /tmp
and delete them, processing filenames in such a way that file or
directory names containing spaces or newlines are correctly handled.
-
+.
.P
.B find /tmp \-depth \-name core \-type f \-delete
-
+.P
Find files named
.B core
in or below the directory
@@ -415,11 +416,11 @@ .SH "EXAMPLES"
and we don't need the extra
.B xargs
process).
-
+.
.P
.nf
.B cut \-d: \-f1 < /etc/passwd | sort | xargs echo
-
+.
.fi
Generates a compact listing of all the users on the system.
.
@@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ .SH "EXIT STATUS"
.IP 1
if some other error occurred.
.RE
-
+.
.P
Exit codes greater than 128 are used by the shell to indicate that
a program died due to a fatal signal.
@@ -453,7 +454,7 @@ .SH "STANDARDS CONFORMANCE"
option of
.B xargs
will be included in Issue 8 of the POSIX standard.
-
+.P
As of GNU xargs version 4.2.9, the default behaviour of
.B xargs
is not to have a logical end-of-file marker.
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ .SH "STANDARDS CONFORMANCE"
.B \-\-show\-limits
option can be used to discover the actual limits in force on the
current system.
-
+.P
In versions of
.B xargs
up to and including version 4.9.0, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 would
@@ -489,7 +490,7 @@ .SH "STANDARDS CONFORMANCE"
option was not used.
.
.SH "HISTORY"
-
+.
The
.B xargs
program was invented by Herb Gellis at Bell Labs.
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ .SH "BUGS"
option of
.B find
can often be used as a more secure alternative.
-
+.P
When you use the
.B \-I
option, each line read from the input is buffered internally.
--
2.30.2
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