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Hello, This is a Cisco response to an advisory published by FX of Phenoelit posted as of September 13, 2006 at: http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/445896/30/0/threaded and entitled "Cisco Systems IOS VTP multiple vulnerabilities". An official response is located at: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sr-20060913-vtp.shtml These vulnerabilities are addressed by Cisco bug IDs: * CSCsd52629/CSCsd34759 -- VTP version field DoS * CSCse40078/CSCse47765 -- Integer Wrap in VTP revision * CSCsd34855/CSCei54611 -- Buffer Overflow in VTP VLAN name We would like to thank FX and Phenoelit Group for reporting these vulnerabilities to us. We greatly appreciate the opportunity to work with researchers on security vulnerabilities, and welcome the opportunity to review and assist in security vulnerability reports against Cisco products. Additional Information ====================== VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Layer 2 messaging protocol that maintains VLAN configuration consistency by managing the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs on a network-wide basis. When you configure a new VLAN on one VTP server, the VLAN configuration information is distributed via the VTP protocol through all switches in the domain. This reduces the need to configure the same VLAN everywhere. VTP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol that is available on most of the Cisco Catalyst series products in both Cisco IOS and Cisco CatOS system software. Products affected by these vulnerabilities: +------------------------------------------ * Switches running affected versions of Cisco IOS and have VTP Operating Mode as either "server" or "client" are affected by all three vulnerabilities. * Switches running affected versions of Cisco CatOS and have VTP Operating Mode as either "server" or "client" are only affected by "Integer Wrap in VTP revision" vulnerability. Products not affected by these vulnerabilities: +---------------------------------------------- * Switches configured with VTP operating mode as "transparent". * Switches running CatOS with VTP Operating Mode as either "server" or "client" are not affected by "Buffer Overflow in VTP VLAN name" or "VTP Version field DoS" vulnerabilities To determine the VTP mode on the switch, log into the device and issue the "show vtp status" (IOS) or "show vtp domain" (CatOS) command. Switches that show either "Server" or "Client" as the VTP operating mode are affected by these vulnerabilities. An example is shown below for Cisco IOS with VTP operating in "Server" mode: ios_switch#sh vtp stat VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 0 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005 Number of existing VLANs : 5 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : test VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Enabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : <removed> Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 04:02:09 ios_switch# An example is shown below for Cisco CatOS with VTP operating in "Server" mode: catos_switch> (enable) sh vtp domain Version : running VTP1 (VTP3 capable) Domain Name : test Password : not configured Notifications: disabled Updater ID: 0.0.0.0 Feature Mode Revision -------------- -------------- ----------- VLAN Server 2 Pruning : disabled VLANs prune eligible: 2-1000 catos_switch> (enable) * VTP Version field DoS: The VTP feature in certain versions of Cisco IOS software may be vulnerable to a crafted packet sent from the local network segment which may lead to a denial of service condition. When a switch receives a specially crafted VTP summary packet, the switch will reset with a Software Forced Crash Exception. Messages for either "watchdog timeout" or "CPU hog" for process VLAN Manager will be seen prior to the software reset within the syslog messages generated by the switch. The packets must be received on a trunk enabled port. Switches running CatOS are not affected by this vulnerability and will display a log message "%VTP-2-RXINVSUMMARY:rx invalid summary from [port number]" should a specially crafted summary packet be received. There are no workarounds for this vulnerability. Switches configured with a VTP domain password are still affected by this vulnerability. Cisco recommends that customer upgrade to a version of Cisco IOS that contains the fixes for either CSCsd52629 or CSCsd34759. * Buffer Overflow in VTP VLAN name: The VTP feature in certain versions of Cisco IOS software is vulnerable to a buffer overflow condition and potential execution of arbitrary code. If a VTP summary advertisement is received with a Type-Length-Value (TLV) containing a VLAN name greater than 100 characters, the receiving switch will reset with an Unassigned Exception error. The packets must be received on a trunk enabled port, with a matching domain name and a matching VTP domain password (if configured). Applying a VTP domain password to the VTP domain will prevent spoofed VTP summary advertisement message from advertising an incorrect VLAN name. See http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/ product/lan/c3550/12119ea1/3550scg/swvtp.htm#1035247 for further information on setting VTP domain passwords. * Integer Wrap in VTP revision: The VTP feature in certain versions of Cisco IOS software and Cisco CatOS software will display statistic counters as a negative number due to an integer wrap. Normal VTP operation will occur if no changes are made within the VTP domain. With the addition of switches or resetting of a VTP server configuration revision, VTP updates potentially may not be processed by other VTP servers/clients within the domain. Should any switches be impacted by this vulnerability, customers should execute the recovery procedures as listed below. Once the VTP configuration revision exceeds 0x7FFFFFFF, the output for the VTP configuration revision in "show vtp status" (IOS) or "show vtp domain" (CatOS) will display as a negative number. Operation of the switch is not affected, however further changes to the VLAN database may not be properly propagated throughout the VTP domain. Example from Cisco IOS: ios_switch#sh vtp stat VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : -2147483648 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 1005 Number of existing VLANs : 17 VTP Operating Mode : Client VTP Domain Name : psirt VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled VTP V2 Mode : Disabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : <removed> Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:10:07 ios_switch# Example from Cisco CatOS: catos_switch# (enable) sh vtp domain Version : running VTP1 (VTP3 capable) Domain Name : psirt Password : not configured Notifications: disabled Updater ID: 0.0.0.0 Feature Mode Revision -------------- -------------- ----------- VLAN Server -2147483648 Pruning : disabled VLANs prune eligible: 2-1000 Applying a VTP domain password to the VTP domain will prevent spoofed VTP summary advertisement messages from advertising 0x7FFFFFFF as a configuration revision number. See http:// www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/c3550/12119ea1/ 3550scg/swvtp.htm#1035247 for further information on setting VTP domain passwords To recover from the negative configuration revision due to exploitation, the following methods can be performed to recover the VTP domain operations: * Change VTP domain names on all switches. * Change all VTP servers/clients to transparent mode first. Then change back to their original server/client mode. For further information on VTP please refer to: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/473/21.html For further information on Layer 2 security practices please refer to: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns340/ns394/ns171/ns128/ networking_solutions_white_paper09186a008014870f.shtml#wp998892 Regards Paul Oxman PSIRT Incident Manager Cisco Systems -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.2.2 (SunOS) iD8DBQFFCE4G8NUAbBmDaxQRAuIDAJ9t5ReIlSTSbag3CAIwZkaeX03BiQCdECvp guqCOs3Ye94iIwOSl/m4Ou8= =5viy -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
