>From man page: -
NAME
strtol, strtoll, strtoq - convert a string to a long integer
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
long int
strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
long long int
strtoll(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
DESCRIPTION
The strtol() function converts the initial part of the string in nptr
to a long integer value according to the given base, which must be
between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.
The string must begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as
determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional ‘+’ or ‘-’
sign. If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ‘0x’ pre-
fix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is
taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is ‘0’, in which case
it is taken as 8 (octal).
The remainder of the string is converted to a long int value in the
obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid
digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter ‘A’ in either
upper or lower case represents 10, ‘B’ represents 11, and so forth,
with ‘Z’ representing 35.)
If endptr is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first
invalid character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, str-
tol() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr (and returns 0).
In particular, if *nptr is not ‘\0’ but **endptr is ‘\0’ on return,
the entire string is valid.
The strtoll() function works just like the strtol() function but
returns a long long integer value.
RETURN VALUE
The strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the
value would underflow or overflow. If an underflow occurs, strtol()
returns LONG_MIN. If an overflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX.
In both cases, errno is set to ERANGE. Precisely the same holds for
strtoll() (with LLONG_MIN and LLONG_MAX instead of LONG_MIN and
LONG_MAX).
ERRORS
ERANGE The resulting value was out of range.
EINVAL (not in C99) The given base contains an unsupported value.
The implementation may also set errno to EINVAL in case no conversion
was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned).
NOTES
In locales other than the "C" locale, also other strings may be
accepted. (For example, the thousands separator of the current locale
may be supported.)
BSD also has
quad_t
strtoq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
with completely analogous definition. Depending on the wordsize of
the current architecture, this may be equivalent to strtoll() or to
strtol().
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