| On this date in: |
| 1777 | British troops occupied Philadelphia during the American Revolution. |
| 1789 | Thomas Jefferson was appointed America's first secretary of state and John Jay the first chief justice of the United States. |
| 1898 | Composer George Gershwin was born in Brooklyn, New York.
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| AP Photo |
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| 1914 | The Federal Trade Commission was established. |
| 1950 | United Nations troops recaptured the South Korean capital of Seoul from the North Koreans. |
| 1957 | The musical ''West Side Story'' opened on Broadway. |
| 1969 | The album ''Abbey Road'' by the Beatles was released. |
| 1980 | The Cuban government closed Mariel Harbor, ending the freedom flotilla of Cuban refugees that began the previous April. |
| 1986 | William H. Rehnquist was sworn in as the 16th chief justice of the United States, while Antonin Scalia joined the Supreme Court as its 103rd member. |
| 1990 | The Motion Picture Association of America announced it had created a new rating, NC-17, designed to bar moviegoers under age 17 from certain films without the commercial stigma of the old X rating. |
| 1991 | Four men and four women began a two-year stay inside a sealed-off structure known as Biosphere 2 in Oracle, Ariz. |
| 1995 | The prosecution began its closing argument in the murder trial of O.J. Simpson. |
| 1996 | Richard Allen Davis, the killer of 12-year-old Polly Klaas, was sentenced to death in San Jose, Calif. |
| 2000 | Slobodan Milosevic conceded that his challenger, Vojislav Kostunica, had finished first in Yugoslavia's presidential election and declared a runoff - a move that prompted mass protests leading to Milosevic's ouster. |
| 2002 | WorldCom former controller David Myers pleaded guilty to securities fraud, saying he was told by ''senior management'' to falsify records in what became the largest corporate accounting scandal in U.S. history. |
| 2002 | A state-run Senegalese ferry capsized in the Atlantic, killing more than 1,800 people. |