Oyster Goggles 
  
Health Sciences Institute e-Alert 

October 11, 2004

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Dear Reader,

In previous e-Alerts I've told you about the benefits of adding zinc 
to your daily supplement regimen. Now a new study shows yet 
another way that zinc can help maintain good eyesight by offering 
protection against a debilitating eye disease. 

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Promoting the protein 
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The retina of the eye receives and processes light with 
photoreceptor cells. If these cells degenerate, vision is 
progressively lost. And that's exactly what happens with an 
inherited condition known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). 
Researchers have identified more than 100 genes that can carry 
mutations associated with RP. 

A recent laboratory study from Dartmouth Medical School 
examined the role that zinc deficiency plays in night blindness and 
retinal dysfunction caused by gene mutation. As reported in the 
Journal of Biological Chemistry, specific attention was given to 
rhodopsin, a protein in the eye that requires adequate levels of zinc 
to function normally. 

The Dartmouth researchers identified a "zinc coordination site" 
within rhodopsin. They found that if this site is corrupted by gene 
mutations, zinc is prevented from binding to the protein, setting the 
stage for development of RP. Dr. John Hwa, one of the authors of 
the study, told Reuters Health that his study shows how rhodopsin 
functions abnormally when the coordination site is deprived of 
zinc, either by gene mutation or zinc deficiency. When this occurs, 
the retina degenerates, followed by poor night vision, reduction in 
peripheral vision and eventually blindness. 

Dr. Hwa notes that further studies will be needed to determine 
exactly how much zinc intake is needed to help prevent the 
rhodopsin malfunction that leads to RP. 

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The eyes have it 
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Although we may not know exactly how much zinc might offset 
the danger of retinitis pigmentosa, we do know that 80 mg of zinc 
daily has been shown to help improve vision generally, while also 
reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 

In the e-Alert "Study Proves Supplements can Save your Sight" 
(10/18/01), I told you about a clinical trial called the Age-Related 
Eye Disease Study (AREDS) sponsored by the National Eye 
Institute. For more than eight years, researchers tracked nearly 
3,600 participants between the ages of 55 and 80 to examine the 
effects that antioxidant supplements have on AMD.  

The results: High levels of zinc and antioxidants were shown to 
significantly reduce the risk of AMD, and the same supplements (if 
administered in the early stages of AMD) may also significantly 
inhibit the total amount of vision loss that would normally be  
caused by advanced AMD.  

The AREDS team recommended that anyone at high risk of 
developing AMD should consider taking daily supplements in the 
amounts used in the study: 
 
* Zinc (as zinc oxide) - 80 mg  
* Vitamin C - 500 mg  
* Vitamin E - 400 IU  
* Beta-carotene - 15 mg  

For those who do include zinc in their daily supplement intake, it's 
also a good idea to add a little copper as well. In the e-Alert "Aim 
High" (5/7/03), HSI Panelist Allan Spreen, M.D., noted that zinc 
can create a copper deficiency, and vice versa. And Jonathan V. 
Wright, M.D., agrees, stating that, "Zinc supplements should 
usually be offset by a small amount of copper, 1-2 mg daily." 
Fortunately, many multivitamins already provide a low dose of 
copper, taking care of the necessary zinc/copper ratio. 

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The oyster bar is open 
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As the Dartmouth, AREDS and other studies have shown, zinc is 
an indispensable nutrient for vision health. But in addition to 
insuring good eyesight, zinc has also been shown to provide 
several other key benefits, such as enhancement of the immune 
system, assistance in the repair of damaged tissues, and inhibition 
of the abnormal clotting that contributes to cardiovascular disease. 
Zinc is also one of the key nutrients needed for DNA reproduction 
and repair. 

To add more zinc to your diet, all you need to do is increase your 
intake of the food that has the highest zinc content: oysters. But if 
oysters aren't your cup of tea, then red meat, poultry, beans, nuts, 
whole grains and dairy products also provide zinc. Zinc is 
generally best absorbed when the diet is rich in animal protein.  

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same technology that enhances memory - can dramatically 
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Learn more about how you can improve your health and keep 
your body young and alive, visit:  

http://www.youreletters.com/t/65994/3786805/645303/0/
(if you can't open here use the HTML links listed below)

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Subjects who participate in placebo-controlled studies know that 
they have a chance of taking a pill that contains little or no active 
ingredients. Nothing wrong with that, of course. But when doctors 
prescribe placebos instead of drugs without their patients' 
knowledge, enough ethical questions are raised to make a 
malpractice attorney go weak in the knees. 

In a recent survey of nearly 90 doctors and nurses in Israel, an 
astonishing 60 percent admitted that they had given placebos to 
patients. According to a New York Times report on the survey, 
placebos were mostly prescribed for patients who firmly insisted 
on receiving medication when none was needed. But more than ten 
percent of those surveyed said they just wanted to get the patient to 
stop complaining. 

Take two of these and DON'T call me in the morning!  

One odd detail stood out in this report. Most of the caregivers told 
their patients that they were receiving real medicine. But four 
percent told their patients that they'd be receiving a placebo. 

I guess that would mean that about four percent of the doctors and 
nurses in this survey are not clear on how a placebo is supposed to 
work. I'm no doctor, but it seems to me that if you tell the patient 
the truth, the chance of experiencing a placebo effect plummets to 
about zero. 

A similar survey, conducted last year in Denmark, also showed 
that quite a few doctors had prescribed placebos. But here in the 
U.S.? One California doctor told the Times that it's "unheard of." 
Which, technically, would mean that it may happen every day, but 
you just don't hear about it. 

But you never know. So here are four tip-offs that your doctor has 
prescribed a placebo: 

* An entire month's supply of pills costs about the same as a large 
  bag of M&M's 
* The information flyer that comes with the "medication" doesn't 
  list any side effects 
* The recommended dosage is referred to as a "serving" 
* The bottle doesn't have a child-proof cap 

Maybe if doctors would just start prescribing placebos instead of 
real drugs, we might have the solution to adverse side effects and 
skyrocketing drug prices. 

To Your Good Health,

Jenny Thompson
Health Sciences Institute 

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      Why you shouldn't waste another penny 
          on "grocery store" vitamins... 

A recent article in the Journal of the American Medical 
Association actually admitted that vitamin deficiencies 
cause disease. Eureka! Coming from a mainstream source this 
is quite an affirmation of the nutrition-based alternative 
medicine you and I believe in. Then again, if you're an HSI 
member, you've already known this fact for some time - and 
you're no doubt already taking some type of supplemental 
vitamins... 

However, most of today's store-bought vitamins fall 
painfully short of the complete nutritional necessities-
putting your health at risk.

Take a quick crash course in vitamin shopping - and learn 
the 5 things your multivitamin should be doing for you.

http://www.youreletters.com/t/65994/3786805/650760/0/
(if you can't open here use the HTML links listed below)             

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To start receiving your own copy of the HSI e-Alert, visit:
http://www.agora-inc.com/reports/hsi/freecopya
Or forward this e-mail to a friend so they can sign-up to
receive their own copy of the HSI e-Alert.

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Sources:  
"Critical Role of Transmembrane Segment Zinc Binding in the 
Structure and Function of Rhodopsin" Journal of Biological 
Chemistry, Vol. 279, No. 34, 8/20/04, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov  
"Zinc Shortage May Underlie Serious Vision Problem" Megan 
Rauscher, Reuters Health, 9/9/04, reutershealth.com 
"The Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins and Zinc on Age-Related 
Macular Degeneration and Cataract" From the AREDS, National 
Eye Institute, October, 2002, nei.nih.gov 
"This Pill Will Make You Feel Better, but We're Not Sure Why" 
Denise Grady, The New York Times, 9/28/04, nytimes.com 

Copyright (c)1997-2004 by www.hsibaltimore.com, L.L.C.
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AOL HTML links
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<a href="http://www.youreletters.com/t/65994/3786805/645303/0/";>KEEP YOUR BODY YOUNG, 
ALIVE & FULLY FUNCTIONING</a>
<a href="http://www.youreletters.com/t/65994/3786805/650760/0/";>Why you shouldn't 
waste another penny on "grocery store" vitamins...</a>

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