Took a look at the outputs myself and found out the following:
With above options 2.5.3 tries publickey and succeeds: (relevant lines
only)
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:44.873174 #4575] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.session[1555566972cc]: beginning authentication
of `rails'
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:44.915232 #4575] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.session[1555566972cc]: trying publickey
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:44.915384 #4575] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.agent[155556695ef4]: connecting to ssh-agent
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:44.916451 #4575] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.methods.publickey[155556695f6c]: trying
publickey (###)
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:44.921130 #4575] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.methods.publickey[155556695f6c]: publickey
succeeded (###)

2.5.4 tries only password authentification and fails, cause I forbid
PAM in sshd-config:
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:36.374398 #4571] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.session[1555566964a8]: beginning authentication
of `rails'
D, [2009-02-11T06:57:36.416597 #4571] DEBUG --
net.ssh.authentication.session[1555566964a8]: trying password
E, [2009-02-11T06:57:36.416709 #4571] ERROR --
net.ssh.authentication.session[1555566964a8]: all authorization
methods failed (tried password)

adding the following line to deploy.rb fixes this:
ssh_options[:auth_methods] = "publickey"

Thanks for pointing me to the debug option.
Stefan
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